The Garamantes

The Garamantes

From In Our Time by BBC Radio 4

June 11, 2026 · 58 min

About this episode

The episode discusses the ancient civilization of the Garamantes and their thriving society in the Sahara Desert.

Misha Glenny and guests discuss an ancient civilisation who lived over 2000 years ago in the southwest of modern-day Libya. During prehistoric times, the Sahara Desert was greener and even had large lakes, but for the last 5000 years it has been a hyperarid environment. Extreme swings of temperature and limited surface water might make the Sahara seem like an inhospitable place to live, but an ancient people in North Africa known to us as the Garamantes thrived there. Following descriptions of the Garamantes in Roman and Greek texts, the Garamantes have often been seen as pastoral nomads, or as tribal barbarians on the periphery of the Mediterranean world. But the work of archaeologists in recent decades has revealed something different. Evidence suggests a society with flourishing towns and cities, complex underground irrigation systems, a key role in trade routes across the Sahara – and may give us a broader view of ancient history. With David Mattingly Emeritus Professor of Roman Archaeology at the University of Leicester Farès Moussa Visiting Fellow at the University of Southampton and Cultural Heritage Consultant And Josephine Quinn Professor of Ancient History and Fellow of…

People in this episode

Host: Misha Glenny

Guests: David Mattingly, Farès Moussa, Josephine Quinn

Topics covered

  • ancient civilization
  • Garamantes
  • Sahara Desert
  • archaeology
  • trade routes
  • history

Keywords

  • Garamantes
  • Sahara
  • ancient history
  • archaeology
  • trade routes
  • irrigation systems
  • North Africa

Mentioned in this episode

Organizations: University of Leicester, University of Southampton, St John’s College, University of Cambridge

Books & works: The Garamantes of Southern Libya, Mobile Technologies in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond

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