The Transformation of Capitalism: 250 Years After Adam Smith

The Transformation of Capitalism: 250 Years After Adam Smith

March 3, 2026 · 47 min

About this episode

Yueran Ma discusses the evolution of capitalism 250 years after Adam Smith's insights, highlighting the shift from small producers to concentrated production and diffused ownership.

Two hundred fifty years after The Wealth of Nations, capitalism looks nothing like Adam Smith imagined (and nothing like Karl Marx predicted, either). Smith envisioned small, decentralized producers, while Marx foresaw concentration dominated by the rich. In this lecture, Yueran Ma of Chicago Booth draws on centuries of global data to show how production concentrated while ownership diffused, and the giants at the top keep getting toppled.

People in this episode

Guest: Yueran Ma

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Mentioned in this episode

Organizations: Chicago Booth

Books & works: The Wealth of Nations

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