Around the Calendar with Drisha

Every generation of Jews must see themselves as if they were slaves in Egypt and God took them out with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm. While it may be comforting to think that Egypt is long gone and Pharaohs are a thing of the past, we would be foolish to believe this. The Exodus from Egypt retains such great power in the Jewish imagination because its themes constantly make their presence known in the world and in our lives. These classes will seek to explore its key themes through a close reading of the Biblical narrative and by drawing on midrash and traditional commentators alongside modern thinkers such as Sigmund Freud, Walter Benjamin, and Franz Rosenzweig.

Every generation of Jews must see themselves as if they were slaves in Egypt and God took them out with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm. While it may be comforting to think that Egypt is long gone and Pharaohs are a thing of the past, we would be foolish to believe this. The Exodus from Egypt retains such great power in the Jewish imagination because its themes constantly make their presence known in the world and in our lives. These classes will seek to explore its key themes through a close reading of the Biblical narrative and by drawing on midrash and traditional commentators alongside modern thinkers such as Sigmund Freud, Walter Benjamin, and Franz Rosenzweig.

Every generation of Jews must see themselves as if they were slaves in Egypt and God took them out with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm. While it may be comforting to think that Egypt is long gone and Pharaohs are a thing of the past, we would be foolish to believe this. The Exodus from Egypt retains such great power in the Jewish imagination because its themes constantly make their presence known in the world and in our lives. These classes will seek to explore its key themes through a close reading of the Biblical narrative and by drawing on midrash and traditional commentators alongside modern thinkers such as Sigmund Freud, Walter Benjamin, and Franz Rosenzweig.

If Purim celebrates a historical moment of salvation and redemption, why don’t we recite Hallel (a sequence of Psalms recited during most holidays) during it? Answering this question requires investigating the very nature of this rather unique holiday itself. In preparation for this year’s celebration of Purim, join Dr. Shana Strauch Schick, R. Joe Wolfson, and Dr. Jon Kelsen for a roundtable conversation about the absence of hallel and the broader meaning of Purim.

In this shiur, we will utilize halachic sources together with a teaching of Rabbi Yehuda Leib Alter, the Sefas Emes, to explore the unique nature of the obligation to recite full Hallel on Hanukkah.

This series considers a few distinct directions in which Avodat Yom ha-Kippurim is re-lived today, through rituals and liturgies:Rituals relating to atonement, specifically Kapparot and Tashlikh. 3Amitz Koach and other Piyyutim about the Temple service itself.Pleas for atonement that correlate with aspects of the Yom Kippur Temple service, including Selihot and Vidduy.

This series considers a few distinct directions in which Avodat Yom ha-Kippurim is re-lived today, through rituals and liturgies:Rituals relating to atonement, specifically Kapparot and Tashlikh. 3Amitz Koach and other Piyyutim about the Temple service itself.Pleas for atonement that correlate with aspects of the Yom Kippur Temple service, including Selihot and Vidduy.

We often think of the liturgy for the Yamim Noraim as static words confined to the pages of the machzor. However, these prayers draw from the rich tapestry of the Tanakh.In the first part of this two-part series, we’ll explore the biblical inspiration that breathes life into Psalm 27, sometimes called “L’David Hashem.” Many have the practice of adding this psalm to their daily prayers during Elul and Tishrei. This psalm-prayer has intriguing intertextual parallels with the passages in Tanakh that describe a city of refuge, a connection that holds rich significance if we read the psalm as a meditation on guilt and responsibility.In part two, we’ll explore the passages from the book of Nehemiah that become climactic phrases used in Selichot, the prayer added during Elul and on Yom Kippur. Understanding the desperation and hope that characterized Nehemiah’s time period yields add meaning to the recitation of these prayers.

Yom Kippur is a dramatic day, but that drama is often compounded by additional circumstances. We will learn aggadot and halakhic literature about various Yom Kippurs throughout history, from biblical and rabbinic times, through observance of the fast during a cholera epidemic, and up to the Yom Kippur war.

In this series, we will reflect together on several chapters of Psalms which are associated by their content and tradition with the Yamim Noraim season. For those who would like to follow along independently, sources are available here: https://www.sefaria.org/Psalms.51?lang=bi https://www.sefaria.org/II_Samuel.11?lang=bi https://www.sefaria.org/II_Samuel.12?lang=bi

In this 3-part course, we will explore key ideas about teshuvah, repentance, in Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik’s theology. Taking his lectures in On Repentance as our jumping off point, we will weave them together with texts from across his writings to see the full picture of his ideas. Class 1: Be Your Own Messiah: Teshuvah as Self-Creation and Self-Redemption Teshuvah = Freedom. But how? And why? This enigmatic equation sets Rav Soloveitchik off on a journey, from the classic texts of the Rambam to modern conceptions of time and the self. Rejecting forms of teshuvah based on feeling bad about the past, he describes a model of teshuvah that is future-oriented and activist in nature. Teshuvah, Rav Soloveitchik argues, is key to freeing ourselves from a deterministic, deadening sense of time, and opening up revolutionary new possibilities in our lives. Class 2: Waking Up from Modernity: Teshuvah as Self-Awareness and Realism How do we realize that we need to do teshuvah? How do we realize we need to change without yet having changed? For Rav Soloveitchik, this problem lies at the heart of what it means to be a Jew in the modern era. Modernity has brought many blessings on both the Jews and the world as a whole, but it has also brought on numerous catastrophes. In this class, we will see how the problem of “waking up” from our routine ways of thinking about ourselves and the world—being self-critical and realistic—is key to avoiding the sins and idolatries inherent to human potential. Class 3: Spiritual Exile and Political Redemption: Teshuvah Beyond the Individual Teshuvah is often thought of as a spiritual endeavor of the individual Jew. There is another form of teshuvah, however: the teshuvah of the collective. Starting from the laws of communal sacrifices which atone for communal sin, Rav Soloveitchik depicts sin, exile, and redemption as a historical drama culminating in but—not exhausted by—a Jewish state. Imagining the Jewish people as a single being—an organic whole—he says that teshuvah must go beyond the actions of individuals and be realized in the life of the nation. On the national level, sin alienates us from our national self and leads to exile from the land, and redemption will mean returning to ourselves and to our land. This means a return to Jewish sovereignty, but also to a critical distance from it: sovereignty can never become all of what it means to be Jewish.

In this 3-part course, we will explore key ideas about teshuvah, repentance, in Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik’s theology. Taking his lectures in On Repentance as our jumping off point, we will weave them together with texts from across his writings to see the full picture of his ideas. Class 1: Be Your Own Messiah: Teshuvah as Self-Creation and Self-Redemption Teshuvah = Freedom. But how? And why? This enigmatic equation sets Rav Soloveitchik off on a journey, from the classic texts of the Rambam to modern conceptions of time and the self. Rejecting forms of teshuvah based on feeling bad about the past, he describes a model of teshuvah that is future-oriented and activist in nature. Teshuvah, Rav Soloveitchik argues, is key to freeing ourselves from a deterministic, deadening sense of time, and opening up revolutionary new possibilities in our lives. Class 2: Waking Up from Modernity: Teshuvah as Self-Awareness and Realism How do we realize that we need to do teshuvah? How do we realize we need to change without yet having changed? For Rav Soloveitchik, this problem lies at the heart of what it means to be a Jew in the modern era. Modernity has brought many blessings on both the Jews and the world as a whole, but it has also brought on numerous catastrophes. In this class, we will see how the problem of “waking up” from our routine ways of thinking about ourselves and the world—being self-critical and realistic—is key to avoiding the sins and idolatries inherent to human potential. Class 3: Spiritual Exile and Political Redemption: Teshuvah Beyond the Individual Teshuvah is often thought of as a spiritual endeavor of the individual Jew. There is another form of teshuvah, however: the teshuvah of the collective. Starting from the laws of communal sacrifices which atone for communal sin, Rav Soloveitchik depicts sin, exile, and redemption as a historical drama culminating in but—not exhausted by—a Jewish state. Imagining the Jewish people as a single being—an organic whole—he says that teshuvah must go beyond the actions of individuals and be realized in the life of the nation. On the national level, sin alienates us from our national self and leads to exile from the land, and redemption will mean returning to ourselves and to our land. This means a return to Jewish sovereignty, but also to a critical distance from it: sovereignty can never become all of what it means to be Jewish.

Teshuvah seems to require both that we transform ourselves into someone new and that we return to who we once were and really are. Looking to a range of classical and modern rabbinic texts, we’ll explore this tension and the ways in which genuine and effectively transformative teshuva requires embracing who we’ve been and who we are in the present. We’ll consider these questions with respect to individuals, communities, and the human world at large.