BIOACTIVE

Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes Dr. Anna Schwabe to the Bioactive Podcast for a deep dive into cannabis genetics, cultivar identity, plant chemistry, and the challenges of making sense of cannabis in a rapidly evolving industry. As two cannabis scientists get thoroughly nerdy, they explore the relationship between genetics and chemical expression, why cultivar names matter, and what science can and cannot tell us about predicting cannabis effects. Drawing from years of research in cannabis genomics, chemotypes, and consumer behavior, Anna explains the disconnect between strain names, marketing claims, and actual genetic identity. The conversation examines how genetics, environment, cultivation practices, and post-harvest handling influence the final chemistry of a cannabis product, often making consumer expectations difficult to predict. They also explore the limitations of the indica, sativa, and hybrid framework, discussing why these categories may still serve a purpose for new consumers while highlighting the need for more nuanced approaches to cannabis classification. The discussion dives into terpene science, aroma-based selection, cultivar verification, consumer perception, breeding strategies, and the future of genetic authentication in cannabis. Additionally, Riley and Anna tackle common industry misconceptions, the importance of preserving cannabis history and culture, and how science can help bridge the gap between growers, consumers, researchers, and retailers. Throughout the episode, they emphasize practical ways consumers can make better decisions while exploring the fascinating complexity of cannabis chemistry and genetics. Whether you're a grower, breeder, budtender, researcher, medical patient, or curious consumer, this episode offers valuable insights into how cannabis genetics shape the products we use and the experiences we have. CHAPTERS: 00:00 Podcast Crossover Intro 01:38 New Mom Conference Life 02:32 Cannabis on Social Media 03:59 Schedule III Debate 06:36 Pharma Versus Whole Plant 10:08 Synthetic THC And Isomers 12:26 Terpenes And Aroma Complexity 16:51 When More Is Not Better 19:27 Realistic THC And Terp Limits 22:56 Trust Your Nose Shopping 24:47 Why Blue Dream Varies 25:44 Genetics Registration And Terroir 29:23 Consistency Versus Craft Growing 33:12 Craft Cannabis Value 34:25 Does Quality Mean Less 35:48 Savoring Premium Products 38:33 CHS And Overconsumption 42:33 Allergens Terpenes Perfume 45:03 Pregnancy Smell Sensitivity 47:05 Trust Your Nose Shopping 50:44 Beyond Indica Sativa 54:24 Strain Names Still Matter 57:32 Genome Gaps Landraces 59:43 New Compounds Plant Evolution 01:01:24 Overmanipulated Modern Nugs 01:03:16 Potency And Oversized Joints 01:04:42 Right Sizing Your Dose 01:05:46 Type Two Flower Wins 01:06:29 Budtenders Versus Medical Advice 01:08:35 Research Weed Supply Problem 01:12:42 Study Real Dispensary Products 01:14:08 What Consumers Actually Want 01:16:12 True Cut Genetic Verification 01:17:48 IP Protection And Licensing 01:19:05 Finding Medicine By Genetics 01:21:09 Scaling The Sample Universe 01:25:59 AI Guided Breeding Future 01:27:05 Where To Follow And Next Steps 01:27:36 New Work In Houston 01:29:19 Riley Projects And Wrap Up Connect with Dr. Anna Schwabe: Website: www.annaschwabe.com LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/anna-schwabe-phd/ True Cut Bioscience: https://www.truecut.co/ Agricultural Genomics Foundation: https://agriculturalgenomics.org/ MyFlora DNA: https://myfloradna.com/ Want Exclusive Content and Ad-Free Episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one. www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more conversations on cannabis science, genetics, plant biology, cultivation, pharmacology, and emerging research. Sign Up for Emails: www.AppliedPharmacognosy.org Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Alex Eckman shares his journey in the cannabis industry, from being a medical patient to pursuing a degree in cannabis chemistry at Lake Superior State University. He discusses the evolution of cannabis education, the importance of research, and his findings on vape carts and microplastics. Alex also addresses the challenges facing the Michigan cannabis market and his aspirations for the future, emphasizing the need for education and informed decision-making in the industry. Chapters 00:00Introduction and Background 03:00 The Landscape of Cannabis Education 06:07 Academic vs. Industry Experience 09:05 Research Opportunities in Cannabis 11:53 Vape Cart Research and Findings 14:57 Concerns About Microplastics in Vape Products 17:57 Future Research Directions 20:55 Conclusions and Reflections 31:57 Informed Choices in Cannabis Consumption 34:06 The Importance of Research and Consumer Safety 37:14 Navigating the Cannabis Job Market 40:32 Challenges in the Michigan Cannabis Industry 43:48 Regulatory Changes and Their Impact 46:39 The Evolution of Cannabis Pricing in Michigan 51:26 Home Growing: Opportunities and Challenges 53:51 The Future of the Michigan Cannabis Market 54:31 Reflections on Experience in Ohio's Cannabis Market 57:46 The Entrepreneurial Spirit in Cannabis 01:01:42 Looking Ahead: Opportunities and Optimism Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Thank you to the sponsors of this episode, including MOTHER EARTH: Rooted in Nature. Back by Experience. ⁠⁠https://www.mother-earthproducts.com/ ⁠⁠ Follow Alex on social media: @AlexEckmanCanna CRC Video on Microplastics: https://youtu.be/fauGztO8Z0Q?si=4Tbjkm15cVJ3tcbv Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://instagram.com/cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Riley Kirk welcomes international cannabis consultant, researcher, and author Russ Hudson to explore the fascinating world of flavonoids—an often overlooked but powerful group of compounds found in cannabis and everyday foods. In this episode, Russ shares his journey from the underground cannabis market to scientific research, and together they break down what flavonoids are, how they impact plant color, health, and resilience, and why they matter for human nutrition and wellness. Discover the latest research on cannabis-specific flavonoids, their potential medicinal benefits, and practical tips for boosting flavonoids in your diet. More About Russ Hudson: Russ Hudson is an international cannabis consultant, researcher, and the author of The Big Book of Terps - the world's largest scientific resource on terpenes and synergy in cannabis, and The Formidable Book of Flavonoids, a companion textbook. Russ has dedicated more than 30 years to cannabis, working with the private social clubs of Spain, the coffeeshops and suppliers of the Netherlands, and cannabis, hemp, and CBD producers in Germany, Switzerland, Portugal, and other EU countries, while also specializing as a cannabis licensing, compliance, and regulatory affairs expert in many US states. Russ has been arrested and jailed for cultivation and trafficking, he has been the subject of a Vice documentary, he has written a children's book about cannabis, and he currently researches and collaborates with the world's leading cannabinoid, terpene, flavonoid, and other scientists. Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Thank you to the sponsors of this episode, including MOTHER EARTH: Rooted in Nature. Back by Experience. ⁠⁠https://www.mother-earthproducts.com/ ⁠⁠ Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://instagram.com/cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Host Dr. Riley Kirk is joined by Dr. Janice Makela, MD for part one of a two part episode; the conversation was so interesting they couldn't cut it short! They discuss the evolving landscape of cannabis medicine, particularly for the geriatric population. She emphasizes the importance of education for both patients and physicians, addressing common misconceptions and the need for responsible dosing. The discussion covers various consumption methods, including edibles and tinctures, and highlights the potential benefits and risks associated with cannabis use in older adults. Dr. Makela also shares insights on the importance of safe and legal access to cannabis products. The discussion delves into the risks associated with smoking, including bronchitis and COPD, and highlights the benefits of using vaporizers over traditional smoking methods. The speakers also discuss the efficacy of cannabis topicals for pain relief and their role in wound care, and the importance of considering drug interactions. The speakers advocate for a cautious approach to cannabis use, especially among older adults and those with existing health conditions. Please consult your physician or health care team for questions that relate specifically to your health. Find out more about Dr. Janice Makela, MD: https://www.janicemakelamd.com/ Want Exclusive Content and ad-free episodes? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Thank you to the sponsors of this episode, including MOTHER EARTH: Rooted in Nature. Back by Experience. https://www.mother-earthproducts.com/ Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: ⁠⁠https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/⁠⁠ ⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem⁠⁠ ⁠⁠https://instagram.com/cannabichem⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Devin Melnyk shares his journey from the gray market of cannabis cultivation to working with one of the largest licensed producers in Canada. He discusses the evolution of the cannabis industry, the differences between the Canadian and U.S. markets, and the importance of community in cannabis culture. Devin also tells us about the new HiNote app, designed to help users track their cannabis experiences and connect with others in the community. Find out more about HiNote: https://www.hinote.ai/ https://www.instagram.com/hinote.ai/ ✨ Want Exclusive Content? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this conversation, host Dr. Riley Kirk and guest Dr. Jaap De Roode discuss the fascinating field of zoo pharmacognosy, exploring how animals medicate themselves using natural substances. He shares insights from his research on monarch butterflies and honeybees, highlighting the role of toxic compounds and fungi in animal health. The discussion also touches on the implications for agriculture, the importance of biodiversity, and the potential for learning from animal behaviors in medicine. Dr. De Roode emphasizes the need for more research in this area and the significance of maintaining natural ecosystems for the health of both animals and humans. Key Takeaways Zoo pharmacognosy is the study of how animals medicate themselves. Monarch butterflies use toxic milkweed compounds to combat parasites. Honeybees may use fungi to treat infections in their colonies. Animal medication can be a learned behavior or instinctual response. Diversity in diet is crucial for animal health and resilience. Propolis serves as both a cement and a medicinal substance for bees. Observational studies provide insights into animal medication behaviors. Animals can change their behavior based on their health needs. Research on animal medication can inform agricultural practices. Understanding animal medication can lead to new discoveries in human medicine. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Zoo Pharmacognosy 04:08 Research Focus: Monarch Butterflies and Honeybees 10:58 Defining Animal Medication vs. Self-Medication 14:59 Examples of Animal Medication in Nature 18:20 Chimpanzees and Traditional Healing 24:38 Learning and Sharing Medicinal Knowledge in Animals 26:14 The Fascinating World of Animal Self-Medication 28:53 Agricultural Practices and Animal Health 32:38 The Importance of Choice and Diversity in Animal Diets 33:37 Studying Animal Behavior and Medicating Practices 35:56 Recreational Use of Plants by Animals 40:56 Addressing Animal Anxiety and Depression 43:52 Natural Products in Animal Medicating 46:21 Evolution of Medicating Behaviors in Animals 48:21 Cannabis and Animal Self-Medication 51:31 Researching Fungi and Bees 55:20 Insights from 'Doctors by Nature' Thank you to our sponsor for this episode GAVITA: For over 40 years, Gavita has been the trusted name in horticultural lighting, setting the benchmark for performance, reliability, and innovation. https://gavita.com/category/led-grow-lights/ IG: @gavitanorthamerica Follow Dr. De Roode’s research: https://biology.emory.edu/people/bios/faculty/de-roode-jaap.html Follow Dr. De Roode on IG and LinkedIn IG @jaapderoode LI: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jaap-de-roode-04a6a6237/ Read or listen to Doctors by Nature https://www.amazon.com/Doctors-Nature-Other-Animals-Themselves/dp/069123924X Check out my book Reefer Wellness! ⁠⁠⁠https://www.amazon.com/Reefer-Wellness-Understanding-Cannabis-Medicine/dp/0593847156⁠⁠⁠ ✨ Want Exclusive Content? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem ⁠⁠⁠https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this conversation, Dr. Michele Ross discusses the complexities of cannabis use during pregnancy, sharing her personal experiences and insights as a neuropharmacologist and fibromyalgia patient. The discussion highlights the lack of comprehensive research on the effects of cannabis, the comparative safety of cannabis versus traditional medications, and the stigma surrounding its use. Dr. Ross emphasizes the importance of advocacy, education, and support systems, including the role of doulas, in navigating the challenges faced by pregnant women considering cannabis as a treatment option. In this conversation, Dr. Michele Ross discusses the complexities of cannabis use during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and its effects on fertility and mental health. She emphasizes the importance of conscious use, tracking consumption, and the potential benefits and risks associated with cannabis. The discussion also touches on tapering off cannabis and pharmaceuticals, exploring other medicinal plants, and the need for community support among mothers. Dr. Ross highlights the lack of solid research on long-term effects of cannabis exposure and encourages individuals to seek personalized care from qualified professionals. Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Context Setting 05:01 The Role of Cannabis in Women's Health 10:13 Understanding Risks and Benefits of Cannabis During Pregnancy 14:59 Comparative Analysis: Cannabis vs. Traditional Medications 19:47 The Importance of Research and Anecdotal Evidence 25:03 Addressing Stigma and Misconceptions 30:11 The Future of Cannabis Research in Pregnancy 31:23 Legal Complexities of Cannabis Use During Pregnancy 36:36 Navigating Stigma and Support in Cannabis Use 41:40 The Role of Doulas and Healthcare Professionals 46:01 Tapering Cannabis Use and Consumption Methods 56:00 Understanding Cannabis and Fertility 01:02:04 Breastfeeding and Cannabis: Safety and Concerns 01:05:26 The Role of Cannabinoids in Breast Milk Production 01:08:40 Exploring Other Natural Remedies for Mothers 01:10:40 The Future of Botanical Medicine in Motherhood 01:13:12 Mental Health, SSRIs, and Cannabis Interactions 01:18:31 Long-term Effects of Cannabis Exposure on Children 01:21:38 Resources for Expecting and New Mothers Follow Dr.Ross; Instagram and LinkedIn @MicheleRoss Check out Dr. Ross’s amazing books & learn more! https://drmicheleross.com/books/ Order my book Reefer Wellness! ⁠⁠⁠https://www.amazon.com/Reefer-Wellness-Understanding-Cannabis-Medicine/dp/0593847156⁠⁠⁠ ✨ Want Exclusive Content? Join the Bioactive Patreon community for as little as $1/month to ask guests your burning questions, access exclusive content, and connect with Dr. Kirk one-on-one.⁠⁠⁠ www.Patreon.com/Cannabichem⁠⁠⁠ 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more expert insights into cannabis science, plant biology, and more! Keep up with Dr. Riley Kirk: https://www.bioactivepodcast.com/ https://www.youtube.com/@cannabichem https://instagram.com/cannabichem ⁠⁠⁠https://www.appliedpharmacognosy.org/⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices