Christ the Center

In this episode of Christ the Center, Camden Bucey welcomes Adam York and Randy Lee back to the Reformed Forum classroom for the second part of a conversation on global theological education and OPC foreign missions. Whereas the previous discussion focused especially on Uganda and faith-centered finance, this episode turns to York’s recent teaching trip to Ethiopia and the biblical-theological material he taught on the Gospels and Acts. The conversation traces major themes from John 1:51 and Jacob’s ladder to Matthew’s genealogy, Jesus as true Israel, the Sermon on the Mount, the parables of the kingdom, Peter’s confession, Matthew 24–25, the Great Commission, and the book of Acts. Along the way, York shows how the hope of heaven opened in Christ, the end of exile, the gift of the Spirit, and the church’s missionary calling all belong together in the unfolding work of the risen and ascended Lord. Watch on YouTube Chapters 0:00 Introduction from the Reformed Forum classroom 0:57 Review of OPC foreign missions and the previous conversation 1:51 Focusing on Adam York’s Ethiopia teaching trip 3:32 Christianity and the Reformed church in Ethiopia 5:36 Ethiopian Mercy Reformed Church and local pastors 7:08 Joyful worship with few earthly comforts 9:09 Travel, Addis Ababa, and cross-cultural observations 10:35 Teaching the Gospels and Acts 11:20 John 1:51 and heaven opened in Christ 13:39 Why begin with Nathaniel and Jacob’s ladder? 15:24 Heaven, creation, exile, and the hope of God’s presence 18:47 Matthew’s genealogy and the fulfillment of Jubilee 21:02 Teaching biblical theology through translation 26:02 Jesus as true Israel in Matthew’s temptation narrative 30:21 The Sermon on the Mount and access to God’s presence 31:57 The Transfiguration and mountain theology 33:30 Parables, mystery, judgment, and the two-age structure 38:04 Peter’s confession and the keys of the kingdom 42:14 Matthew 24, partial preterism, and biblical prophecy 45:17 Watchfulness, imminence, and the blessed hope 47:25 Heaven opened, the Great Commission, and Christ’s authority 49:17 The Spirit, Acts, and embracing the cross 50:15 Teaching Acts while serving in Ethiopia 52:13 Praying and serving in foreign missions 53:31 Reformed Forum resources and upcoming events Resources mentioned Hope Orthodox Presbyterian Church OPC Foreign Missions OPC Short-Term Missions Reformed Academy Participants: Adam York, Camden Bucey, Randy Lee

In this episode, Dan Ragusa speaks about Letters from America (Reformed Forum). Between 1935 and 1940, Cornelius Van Til (1895–1987) wrote twenty-four letters from America for the Dutch magazine De Reformatie at the invitation of its editor Klaas Schilder (1890–1952). Daniel Ragusa’s translation presents these letters in English for the first time. Letters from America opens a window into a critical moment in Reformed history—when orthodox and confessional Presbyterianism in America was under siege from both modernism and the rising influence of Barthianism, which Van Til labeled “the new modernism.” Ragusa introduces these letters by situating them within the broader relationship between the Dutch Reformed in the Netherlands and the orthodox Presbyterians in America—a relationship that reaches back to the seventeenth century. Van Til’s wartime-like correspondences—written in the heat of theological conflict—offer a firsthand account of the spiritual and ecclesiastical upheavals of the era. Through Van Til’s eyes, fixed steadfastly on his risen and reigning Lord, readers witness pivotal moments in American Presbyterian history, among them J. Gresham Machen’s trial, deposition, and sudden death; the founding of Westminster Theological Seminary and the evangelistic work of its graduates; and the formation of the Presbyterian Church of America and its subsequent renaming as the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. These letters bring to life a pivotal chapter in the defense and development of the Reformed faith that helps us to make sense of our present ecclesiastical and theological landscape. Watch on YouTube Chapters 00:00:07 Introduction 00:06:13 Upcoming Seminar in Raleigh, NC 00:09:29 Dr. Ragusa’s Introduction to Van Til’s Dutch Letters 00:20:54 Van Til’s Concern for the Church 00:29:16 Highlights of the Letters 00:36:19 Van Til’s Hope for the Church 00:42:38 The Afscheiding (Secession) of 1834 00:57:46 A Vision for the Future of the Church 01:06:05 Remaining Faithful Today 01:12:15 Conclusion Participants: Camden Bucey, Dan Ragusa

In this episode we welcome church historian Stephen O. Presley to explore the life, theology, and enduring relevance of Irenaeus of Lyons. Writing in the latter half of the second century, Irenaeus emerges not merely as a polemicist against Gnosticism but as a deeply pastoral theologian—one whose doctrine, biblical interpretation, and ecclesial commitments were inseparably bound to the life of the church. Presley highlights Irenaeus’s vision of Scripture as a unified, Christ-centered story, summed up in his doctrine of recapitulation: All things find their meaning, coherence, and redemption in Christ, the true head of humanity. Against both ancient Gnosticism and modern disembodied spiritualities, Irenaeus affirms the goodness of creation, the integrity of the human person, and the necessity of catechesis rooted in the rule of faith. For today’s church—navigating doctrinal confusion, cultural fragmentation, and questions of discipleship—Irenaeus offers a compelling model of theological method that is biblical, confessional, pastoral, and profoundly Christ-centered. Dr. Stephen O. Presley is Director of Education and Engagement and Senior Fellow for Religion and Public Life at the Center for Religion, Culture and Democracy and Associate Professor of Church History at Southern Seminary. He is the author of Irenaeus of Lyons: His Impact and Life (Christian Focus) and Cultural Sanctification: Engaging the World like the Early Church (Eerdmans). Watch on YouTube Chapters 00:07 Introduction 01:47 The Center for Religion, Culture, and Democracy 04:48 How to Pronounce Irenaeus 08:48 The Early Church 13:31 Irenaeus as a Church Theologian 16:00 The Rule of Faith 20:36 Reading Scripture 26:11 Recapitulation 30:18 Against Gnosticism 33:38 Christ as the New Adam 44:07 Surprises While Writing the Book 46:39 Conclusion Participants: Camden Bucey, Stephen Presley

In this episode of Christ the Center, we welcome Josiah Leinbach to discuss William Whitaker’s A Disputation on Holy Scripture—a monumental sixteenth-century defense of sola Scriptura, newly edited and republished by Prolego Press. Written in 1588 against leading Roman Catholic theologians such as Robert Bellarmine, Whitaker’s work offers a comprehensive treatment of Scripture’s authority, canon, clarity, and sufficiency. Leinbach explains how Whitaker combined Renaissance humanism with scholastic rigor, engaging Scripture, church history, and patristic sources to show that Protestant convictions about Scripture were neither novel nor reactionary, but deeply rooted in the catholic tradition of the church. The conversation also explores the modern relevance of Whitaker’s work—especially amid contemporary debates over authority, tradition, and ecumenism. Leinbach reflects on how advances in historical and textual scholarship have confirmed many of the Reformers’ arguments, while Rome’s own positions have shifted over time. Whitaker’s insistence on the perspicuity of Scripture, the singular infallibility of God’s Word, and the Spirit’s inward testimony offers not only apologetic clarity but deep pastoral comfort. This episode invites listeners to recover confidence in Scripture as God’s clear and sufficient means of revealing Christ to his people. Watch on YouTube Chapters 00:07 Introduction 01:08 William Whitaker’s A Disputation on Holy Scripture 07:25 Leinbach’s Transition from History to Machine Learning 18:10 Whitaker’s Polemical Approach 22:03 The Canon of Scripture 25:50 The Perspicuity of Scripture 28:29 Biblical Authority 32:02 The Testimony of the Holy Spirit 35:27 Ecumenical Dialogue Yesterday and Today 48:10 Future Works 52:25 Conclusion Participants: Camden Bucey, Josiah Leinbach

Dr. C. N. Willborn, pastor of Covenant PCA in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, speaks about the life, ministry, and enduring theological legacy of John Lafayette Girardeau—a figure often hidden in the shadow of Thornwell and Dabney, yet towering in pastoral warmth, covenant theology, and confessional clarity. Girardeau emerges as a remarkably gifted scholar, a pastor deeply loved by both enslaved and free Black congregants, and a theologian who married doctrinal precision with heartfelt pastoral care. Through stories of his early intellectual formation, his ministry at Zion Presbyterian Church, his courageous stand against segregation in 1874, and his role in shaping debates on adoption, the will, worship, and evolution controversies, listeners gain a moving portrait of a man captivated by Christ and devoted to the communion of the saints. This episode invites us to look beyond caricatures of Southern Presbyterianism and see a pastor who was shaped by his Huguenot and Scottish heritage, attentive to the spiritual well-being of the marginalized, and unwavering in his conviction that the church must be governed by Scripture and formed by a robust federal theology. Girardeau’s story not only expands our understanding of American Presbyterian history—it encourages believers today to pursue ministry marked by doctrinal fidelity, Christ-centered preaching, and sacrificial love. Watch on YouTube Chapters 00:16 Introduction 03:28 Introducing John L. Girardeau 24:49 French Huguenot Background 31:48 Academic Abilities 42:29 Girardeau’s Relation to the Church After the War 49:44 Significant Motions and Statements 56:05 Opposition to Segregation at the 1874 General Assembly 1:00:19 Influence upon Southern Presbyterianism 1:05:19 The Battle over Evolution 1:11:21 Works by Girardeau 1:21:59 Conclusion Links Biographical sketch on Girardeau Participants: C. N. Willborn, Camden Bucey