History for the Curious - The Jewish History Podcast

Exploring the lives of three Jewish doctors. Living in very different settings, yet linked by a common thread: compassion. They left a lasting mark on medicine and Jewish history and were dedicated to the strong belief that every fragile life matters. In New York, Dr Martin Couney helped save thousands of babies. His sideshow displays were controversial, but at a time when incubator technology was widely doubted, his exhibits brought life-saving technology into the public eye. Dr Mary Gordon was born in Lithuania and her trailblazing career as a pioneering female physician who was deeply connected to Jewish life, allowed her to carry her medical calling into some of the hardest moments of the twentieth century, in Palestine, in detention camps in Cyprus and through world wars. Dr Shlomo Adler’s reputation in London as a beloved doctor and trusted medical confidant to Gedolim and Torah leaders as well as to thousands of patients, rested on his complete commitment to care, innovation and halacha. We also hear from his son Dr Yossi Adler - who has continued a 3 generational family legacy - about AI and other issues confronting medicine today Timestamps: - **0:00:00 – 0:01:13** – Podcast intro, series context (Medicine Part 2), and mention of guests (Rabbi Tatz & Dr. Yossi Adler) - **0:01:13 – 0:02:16** – Introduction of Mary Gordon; granddaughter of Reb Eliezer Gordon; name changes (Miriam → Mary, Sara → Sylvia) - **0:02:16 – 0:03:49** – Background on the Gordon family, Telshe Yeshiva, and Reb Eliezer Gordon’s leadership and social conscience (matzah bakeries) - **0:03:49 – 0:06:21** – Fire in Telshe (1908), Reb Eliezer Gordon’s fundraising trip to England, his death, funeral, and Mary receiving apology from the Chief Rabbi - **0:06:21 – 0:09:00** – Mary’s struggle to enter university, re-doing exams in England, brilliance and speed of study, financial help from Rabbi Moishe Hirsh Siegel, graduation as a physician - **0:09:00 – 0:10:27** – Status of women doctors in England; WWI, shortage of male doctors; Mary becomes first female medical student allowed to practice in the army - **0:10:27 – 0:12:57** – Move to South Africa; reuniting with family; pioneering practice in Johannesburg General Hospital; treating rich and poor, all races; miners’ strike of 1922 - **0:12:57 – 0:15:30** – Plans to move to Palestine; WWII intervenes; army medical role, rank of captain then lieutenant colonel; final move to Palestine (1946) - **0:15:30 – 0:18:18** – Postwar DP situation; Anglo-American committee, Truman’s proposal for 100,000 DPs; British refusal; Cyprus detention policy and harsh camp conditions - **0:18:18 – 0:21:06** – Mary chosen by the Jewish Agency to serve in Cyprus; tiny medical team; overwhelming numbers, disease, births; her legendary dedication; quote about measuring temperature vs pain - **0:21:06 – 0:22:28** – New Year’s 1948 story (two big ships arrive, many pregnant women and newborns); Mary persuades nurses to stay; later work in Israel with Yemenite immigrants; return to South Africa, work in Soweto clinics, death and legacy - **0:22:28 – 0:24:04** – Introduction of Dr. Yossi Adler; recognition that “Dr. Adler” was a global communal institution - **0:24:04 – 0:26:24** – Growing up in a house that doubled as a practice; constant stream of patients; balancing family meals with emergencies, especially before Hatzalah - **0:26:24 – 0:28:18** – What made Dr. Adler’s practice unique: long-term relationships, personalized care, deep sense of responsibility, readiness to innovate - **0:28:18 – 0:32:24** – Early roots of his father’s connection to Gedolim (Gerrer Rebbe, Imrei Emes); later relationships with Gedolim and Rebbes (Stipler, R’ Shach, Satmar, Klausenburger, etc.) - **0:32:24 – 0:36:24** – Stories illustrating kavod from Rebbes (“Malach Refael goes with Dr. Adler”), and equal importance of all patients; how he handled treating Gedolim without intimidation - **0:36:24 – 0:4

With the advent of Napoleon and emancipation, Jews were given an offer they found hard to refuse and the Reform movement made significant inroads. Across many countries a war was waged for the soul of the Jew and many voluntarily even converted to Christianity. Shuls, marriage, Shabbos and Bris Mila were all subjected to question. How did the Chasam Sofer Rav Samson Refoel Hirsch and others deal with the critical issues that faced them? Why was Orthodoxy driven to the defensive? And what lesson can we take from it nowadays? Timestamps: - 0:00 — Introduction & dedication - 0:36 — Podcast intro; Mendelssohn recap - 1:36 — Reform emergence; 17th–18th c. precursors (Sabbatai Zevi, Spinoza) - 4:07 — Napoleon’s emancipation & identity shift - 6:24 — Conversions & assimilation (Heinrich Heine example) - 10:25 — Reform tactics: Bible over Talmud; “prophetic Judaism” - 18:59 — Jacobson/Westphalia reforms (state control of rabbis, synagogue changes) - 24:53 — Berlin vs. Hamburg differences; home services vs. public temples - 29:41 — Abraham Geiger’s ideology; opposition to circumcision noted - 34:49 — Philippson/Magdeburg — services, Sunday shift - 36:49 — Rabbinical conferences (1844–46) & intermarriage stance - 41:27 — Orthodox responses: Safer Berneis, Rav Ettlinger, haram strategy - 48:47 — Samson Raphael Hirsch’s Neo‑Orthodoxy response - 57:13 — Modern implications: erosion of minhagim; academia vs. masorah - 59:05 — Closing takeaway: small changes can lead to large identity shifts

Born in 1930, she lived through many challenging events. Raised a family and was a regal figure. Yehi zichroh boruch

For Soviet Jews, matzah represented a longing for freedom – one we take for granted. This episode tells the hidden story of those heroes who risked everything to keep Pesach alive behind the Iron Curtain, and of the global networks that brought matzah into the USSR by every means, under the watchful eyes of the NKVD. Jewish life in the USSR was strongly policed. Starting with Stalin in 1925, Judaism was actively hunted down. But every spring, Jews in Moscow, St Petersburg and Odessa as well as in far‑flung provincial cities risked surveillance, arrest, and labour camps to fulfill this mitzva on Seder night. Clandestine matzah bakeries sprung up, with children posted as lookouts. In 1929 the 6th Lubavitcher Rebbe succeeded in bringing 10,000s of matzos into Russia. In later years, there would be the suitcases stuffed with contraband food moving through international airports, carried by tourists, businessmen, and non-Jewish acquaintances, given to them by people in the free world who never stopped caring for their fellow Jews. This is the story of how a fragile food became a symbol of spiritual defiance, and how a festival of freedom was observed under totalitarian rule. _____________________________________________________ "Undaunted" by Rabbi Eliezrie is available on Amazon for purchase

What makes music such a powerful medium? How was music used to attain prophecy? Has AI destroyed pure music? Did Beethoven use our Kol Nidrei? How do you create a 'hit' song? How influenced is our music by non-Jewish musical patterns and culture? Is music art, emotion or transcendant? And how did Italian Jews start a music revolution 500 years ago? Timestamps: 0:00:46 — Podcast intro 0:01:22 — Topic setup: music in Torah and Levites. 0:02:58 — Music’s role in prophecy, Kabbalah, Vilna Gaon. 0:05:00 — Historical examples of music’s influence/appropriation. 0:10:00 — Music’s emotional power, simcha, halachic issues. 0:15:44 — Western (Renaissance/Baroque) and medieval Jewish music. 0:19:07 — 16th–17thC Italian controversy over Hebrew polyphony. 0:24:00 — Choirs, organs, cross-cultural musical borrowing. 0:30:00 — 19thC Jerusalem ban on wedding instruments (reasons). 0:35:19 — Interview with Alex Clare begins. 0:36:41 — Alex on nature of music, AI, sincerity. 1:00:00 — Music, memory, spirituality, and timelessness. 1:15:00 — Jewish vs. secular music, cultural influences. 1:25:00 — Alex on his music, kids’ songs, audience. 1:35:19 — Closing and contact info.

Tracing the journey of Wine, from Roman times and the laws of Yayin Nesech, to Lead Poisoning, wine dilution and Rashi's momentous ruling. Spanning medieval France, Italy's Rishonim, Provencal responsa and Egyptian challenges, the podcast reveals the halachic debate in times of evolving technology, commerce and travel. As well as instructions for a Seder night without wine. Timestamps: - 00:00:33 — Podcast intro - 00:01:09 — Sponsor dedication (Five Towns Central) and contact info. - 00:01:50 — Series announcement: new multi-part “wine” series; guests planned for week two. - 00:03:34 — Origins: Georgia and ancient Egyptian wine (Tutankhamun jars). - 00:05:33 — Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans: amphorae, dilution, and wine practices. - 00:08:44 — Roman recipes/additives, Posca/Eora, and medicinal uses; Gemara liability notes. - 00:16:00 — Lead/metal use in wine, health risks, and later glass bottles enabling long aging. - 00:17:30 — Halachic introduction: yayin nesech and stam yeinam explained. - 00:20:00 — Ashkenaz/France: cash shortages, wine-as-debt, Rashi’s leniencies and barrel-sealing debate. - 00:30:00 — Provence/Languedoc: stringencies, piquet (second-press), and transport sealing practices. - 00:32:47 — England: wine shortages and instructions for Kiddush/Seder without wine. - 00:36:04 — Muslim/Ottoman lands: limited production, taxes/bans, and examples of covert trade. - 00:42:09 — Italy: Teshuvot hesitancy, later Padua rulings, and varied local customs. - 00:46:32 — Closing: recap of wine’s household role, upcoming guests (Nathan “Yochi” Herzog + halachic expert), and call for listener questions.

Post-1391 there was a period of uncertainty but many Conversos still found it possible to maintain a level of observance - sometimes even openly. It appeared that a Modus Vivendi could be achieved. But in 1477 the Church persuaded Ferdinand & Isabella to institute the Inquisition; aimed not at Jews but at the 'heretical' New Christians. The 1480s became a decade of hiding, yet scholarship was increased and Spain became a centre of Jewish printing until the axe fell for the remaining Jews in 1492, and 4 months of despair turned into a mass exodus. Their decision to abandon everything and leave for the unknown - at great cost - was the largest display of faith in the past 1,000 years of Jewish history. Timestamps: - [0:00] Topic setup: Spain Part 2 — continuation on conversos/Jewish life pre- and post-1480. - [0:44] Intro & announcements: new website historyforthecurious.com and listener emails (Menorah/Vatican). - [6:07] Recap: 1391 massacres and Tortosa debates intensified pressure on Jews/conversos. - [12:15] Inquisition origins (1480): state-backed institution, torture, informers, auto-da-fé spectacles. - [20:07] Converso impact: shift from preserving family cohesion to living secret “cover stories.” - [24:28] La Guardia case (1491): blood libel, forced confessions, executions used to build case for expulsion. - [30:57] 1492: Fall of Granada and the Alhambra Decree — four months to leave, severe loss of property. - [52:18] Exodus hardships: banditry, ship abuses, disease, starvation; some returned/converted. - [56:07] Demographics: estimated ~150,000 left; major resettlement in Ottoman lands and North Africa. - [40:21 / 45:53] Culture & print: strong late-medieval Spanish rabbinic scholarship and early Hebrew printing; many books later burned but printing continued in exile. - [1:00:17] Legacy: Sephardic communities revitalized elsewhere; theme — persecution paired with spiritual resilience.

We know from both Jewish and secular sources, that 2,500 years ago the Babylonians led by Nevuchadnezar, besieged Jerusalem on this day. Two years later the Temple was destroyed. But what events led to this moment? And why was the path of the prophet Yirmiyahu's life so dangerous? As importantly how do we, in our days, feel a connection to the message and the narrative? 10th Teves is also designated as a day of mourning, for all those who do not know the date or the fate of their family's passing during the Holocaust, and this episode will feature the unusual story of a young child in the partisans. Timestamps0:00:00 Opening and podcast intro; dedication to Nehemiah and host’s father 0:01:06 Overview of episode topics, Hanukkah feedback, and menorah discussion 0:03:18 Context of Asara B’Tevet, Holocaust link, and anecdote about Kaddish in old-age home 0:04:20–0:10:04 Historical exposition: Jeremiah’s prophecies, political pressures, scroll burned, imprisonments 0:10:04–0:19:37 Continued account: attempted murder, rescues, false prophets (Hananiah, Uriah) and descent to siege 0:19:37–0:21:25 Summary of decline leading to exile and significance of the 10th of Tevet fast 0:21:25–0:28:46 Modern parallels: genteel/diplomatic antisemitism, political short-termism, and examples 0:28:46–0:34:31 Reflection on providence, Hashem’s hand, emunah vs. bitachon, and cultivating trust 0:34:31–0:40:15 Practical guidance: quiet contemplation, Hanukkah lessons, and spiritual responses 0:40:15–0:46:37 Holocaust case study begins: Matei Jakel’s early life, attack, deportation, and escape from train 0:46:37–0:52:16 Partisan life, postwar displacement, meeting youth emissaries, aliyah to Israel, rebuilding life 0:52:16 Closing reflections, key takeaways on resilience and faith, listener email (podcasts@jle.org.uk) and two-week break

Chanukah is central to our Jewish Calendar and way of life, but there are many unanswered questions: Why celebrate defeat? What was the real role of Kohanim during the Second Temple? Why was this Yomtov chosen to reflect the ultimate ideal ? Tracing the story from Alexander the Great and Shimon HaTzaddik through the corruption of the Second Temple and the rise of Hellenism, the podcast redefines the central idea of Chanukah - the only festival established by the Sages post-prophecy Connecting the ancient clash of civilizations to the battles which echo down through Russia, America and Eretz Yisrael; It defines Who is a Jew. Timestamps [0:00:00] Introduction to Greek Exile and Historical Context [0:01:07] Podcast Dedication and Welcome [0:02:05] Setting Up the Hanukkah Discussion [0:04:13] Questioning the Purpose of Hanukkah Celebration [0:14:44] Historical Prequel: Alexander the Great and Shimon HaTzadik [0:22:49] Corruption of the Priesthood [0:26:38] Empire Dynamics After Alexander [0:31:05] Jewish Attraction to Greek Culture [0:40:41] The Spiritual Victory of Hanukkah [0:49:26] Comparing Purim and Hanukkah [0:50:44] Conclusion and Podcast Wrap-up

Small groups of crypto-Jews are known to have made their way to England. We know the names and occasionally the stories of some. But no one had a greater impact on England’s history or on Queen Elizabeth I, than Roger Lopez: Physician, Double Agent, Diplomat & Court Jew. Jews were News even during the period of their supposed forced absence. And what is the real story behind Henry VIII’s set of Talmud? Chapters 00:00:00 Doctor Lopez and the Earl of Leicester 00:00:26 Podcast Introduction and Listener Letter 00:36:32 Rodrigo Lopez: Early Life and Arrival in England 00:05:10 Lopez’s Rise and Role at Court 00:08:14 Espionage and the Don Antonio Affair 00:09:41 Jewish Community as Diplomatic Asset 00:11:02 International Intrigue and Spanish Spies 00:13:39 The Spanish Armada and Aftermath 00:15:22 Lopez’s Espionage and Double Agency 00:16:40 The Andrada Case and Rising Suspicion 00:19:12 Arrest and Trial of Lopez 00:21:52 Charges, Confession, and Execution 00:24:35 Was Lopez Guilty? 00:27:08 Lopez’s Legacy and Impact on Literature 00:30:44 Jewish Life in England: 1300s–1400s 00:32:50 Conversos and Marranos in Tudor England 00:36:32 Risks and Persecution of Marranos 00:38:42 Elizabethan Era and Secret Jewish Life 00:40:35 Religious Practice and Open Jews 00:43:10 Persistence of Jewish Identity 00:45:12 The Talmud in England: The Henry VIII Legend 00:48:35 Conclusion and Next Series Teaser

In the wake of the return of the hostages that survived, challenges abound and life cannot return to normal. Israel confronts the unknown with hope, and across the world the ripples of anti-semitism continue to echo. The UK experienced Jews being killed on Yom Kippur, New York has elected a pro-Hamas mayor, yet various Arab countries have expressed an interest in closer ties with Israel. Rabbi Hersh, Rabbi Leff & Lord Wolfson discuss the global situation for Jews and where we are headed.

To watch This Podcast, click here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBpgg1wcQKw&t=2760s A wide-ranging and personal discussion with former U.S. Ambassador David Friedman, describing how his Sledgehammer of Diplomacy shattered old conventions to achieve the historic U.S. Embassy move and usher in the Abraham Accords, exploring the deeply personal balance between his religious conviction and political power in crafting high-stakes foreign policy, laying out his forceful argument for Israeli sovereignty over Judea and Samaria, and his definitive vision of One Jewish State. Hear his incredible story, as he reflects on Jewish history, the Hand of Hashem and the divine continuum that continually strengthens Israel's destiny, while also sharing his candid personal insights on figures like President Trump, Mike Pompeo, and the future evolution of the Middle East over the next 12 to 24 months.

During the 13th century, Europe was controlled by a militant church, and France was ruled by Louis IX - a bitter enemy of the Jews. All copies of the Talmud were seized and four Baalei Tosfos were interrogated in public. How did Jewry recover from this calamity? Was this tragedy related to the burning of the Rambam’s writings? Chapters 00:00 Divine Retribution and Historical Context 04:38 Rambam and Rabbeinu Yonah's Controversy 12:07 The Role of Hillel of Verona 18:45 Yom Kippur and the Nature of Repentance 21:19 Church Disputations and Their Impact 29:34 The Paris Disputation: A Turning Point 42:44 Consequences of the Talmud's Burning