Hu Said: Cardiology Board Review Series

When should apoB be measured? In whom should lipoprotein(a) be measured? Should LDL-C be calculated by the Friedewald, Martin-Hopkins, or Sampson-NIH equations? How do the PREVENT-ASCVD equations differ from the Pooled Cohort Equations? How long is a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score of 0 "good for"? How should CAC scoring be used to guide statin initiation and intensity? What are the new LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and apoB targets for secondary prevention? What counts as "very high-risk" ASCVD, and how does treatment differ? In which patients should bempedoic acid, inclisiran, or olezarsen be added? Watch for answers to these key questions and more in this "deep dive" of the 2026 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia.Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/yHXL_dH8zCoDifficulty Level: EasyYou are listening to Hu Said: Guideline LifelinePlease subscribe, rate, and support the channel! Ads help keep materials free for everyone.More MedEd resources available at ⁠⁠⁠⁠www.rueyhu.com⁠⁠⁠⁠Updates at Twitter/X: ⁠⁠⁠⁠@Ruey_Hu⁠

What right ventricular end-systolic volume should guide timing of pulmonary valve replacement in tetralogy of Fallot? At what pulmonary vascular resistance can closure be pursued for an atrial septal defect in patients with pulmonary hypertension? How often should Fontan patients receive liver imaging and alpha-fetoprotein screening? Should patients with Eisenmenger syndrome be routinely anticoagulated? What is the maternal mortality risk for pregnancy in Eisenmenger syndrome? Should most pregnant patients with adult congenital heart disease undergo cesarean delivery? Should cyanotic ACHD patients undergo prophylactic phlebotomy? Can ACHD patients participate in competitive sports? Watch for answers to these key questions in this "deep dive" of the 2025 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease.Difficulty Level: AdvancedThis episode also available on YouTube: https://youtu.be/IYTn5bjiHqYDifficulty Level: IntermediateYou are listening to Hu Said: Guideline LifelinePlease subscribe, rate, and support the channel! Ads help keep materials free for everyone.More MedEd resources available at ⁠⁠⁠⁠www.rueyhu.com⁠⁠⁠⁠Updates at Twitter/X: ⁠⁠⁠⁠@Ruey_Hu⁠

Can music help us understand cardiac arrhythmias? 🎵💓 In this special podcast episode, I explore how musical notation can be used to visualize and "hear" ECG rhythms, providing an intuitive and structured approach to learning atrial fibrillation, AV blocks, ventricular tachycardia, and more. By "hearing" arrhythmias and "reading" them in a musical framework, trainees can develop an alternative approach to ECG interpretation, reinforcing pattern recognition through both visual and auditory learning modalities.Musical score published in JACC Clinical Electrophysiology: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2025.02.022📖 Musical notation as a novel framework for ECG teaching:🎼 Atrial activity (P waves) = High-pitched chimes🥁 Ventricular beats (QRS complexes) = Low-pitched snare drumNote Durations Reflect Physiological Intervals:🔹 P wave = 32nd note → Approximates a normal PR interval (120-200 ms)🔹 PR prolongation (1° AV block) = 16th note → Reflects delay in AV node conduction🔹 Dropped beats (2° AV block) = Missing notes → Represent non-conducted impulses🔹 Rapid rhythms (VT, SVT) = Increased tempo → Matches clinical tachycardia rates🔹 Irregular rhythms (AFib, MAT) = Variable note spacing → Captures unpredictable R-R intervalsThis lecture is designed for medical students, cardiology fellows, electrophysiologists, and music lovers who want to experience a new way of learning cardiology! I have also provided this talk to JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology as a Supplemental Video. Please see the paper here.Tweetorial: https://x.com/ruey_hu/status/1919074533354656101🔔 Subscribe for more cardiology and medical education content!📢 Leave a comment below: What other arrhythmias can be represented through classical music notation? Let’s discuss!#Cardiology #MedicalEducation #ECG #Arrhythmia #MusicAndMedicine #Electrophysiology #HeartRhythm