KYTOS Biology

There are over 200 different types of dwarfism, with achondroplasia being the most common, affecting one in 25,000 births. Achondroplasia is caused by a spontaneous mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene that occurs in the developing embryo, resulting in a disproportionately short stature and abnormal growth in the spine and skull. In this podcast, I'm joined by one of my A-Level biology students Ellie, who has conducted research into this fascinating topic. She shares her own her journey with achondroplasia, specifically her experience with limb lengthening, and discusses some of the current treatment options for dwarfism in the UK. Ellie is also joined by author, advocate and founder of the non-profit organisation 'The Little Legs Big Heart Foundation', Kristen DeAndrade, who like Ellie, shares aspects of her jouney with achondroplasia.

From dolphin whistles to parrot mimicry, and even AIprojects decoding whale song, science is beginning to explore what once seemed pure fantasy: the ability to truly communicate with animals. In this episode, I delve into the biology of language, the cognitive abilities of non-humanspecies, and the cutting-edge technologies bringing us closer to cross-species conversation. Could Dr. Dolittle's dream really become reality, or are our brains, and theirs, simply too different?

From cold chills and flickering lights to full-blown apparitions, tales of ghosts have haunted human imagination for centuries. But what if there’s a biological explanation for these experiences? In this episode, I explore how brain chemistry, sleep paralysis, sensory misfires, and even mould spores might explain the science behind what many believe to be the supernatural.

What happens when a doctor makes a mistake - and who pays the price? In this podcast, I explore the professional, legal, and emotional fallout of medical errors, from GMC investigations to courtroom drama and personal trauma. It’s a revealing look at the human side of medicine, where perfection is impossible and accountability is everything.

In this podcast, I'm joined by A-Level biology student Amelie, who will delve into the mysterious world of animal dreams, exploring what’s happening in the brain when dogs twitch, cats flick their whiskers, or horses gallop in their sleep. She will examine REM sleep, neural patterns, and what current science suggests about the dreamscapes of our animal companions. From evolutionary clues to behavioral insights, this conversation uncovers the biological basis of dreaming beyond the human mind.

The Jack the Ripper case remains one of the most studied and debated criminal mysteries in history. Biological evidence, from blood patterns and autopsy reports to modern DNA analysis, has played a crucial role in shaping the investigation and the various theories about the killer’s identity. Despite the significant advances in forensic science, the case highlights the challenges of applying these techniques to historical crimes. Contamination, degradation of evidence, and the limitations of early forensic methods all pose significant hurdles. However, the ongoing analysis and debate continue to enrich our understanding of the case and exemplify the evolution of forensic science.

This episode explores anthropomorphism, the attribution of human characteristics to non-human entities, such as animals. Written and researched by my sixth form student Phoebe L, the discussion delves into how anthropomorphism can enhance animal welfare by fostering empathy and compassion. However, it also uncovers the hidden, potentially catastrophic dangers of this practice. We ask: Do the negative impacts of anthropomorphism outweigh its benefits?

Circadian rhythms are one of three biological rhythms that tell the body when to eat, sleep, wake up - the biological and psychological processes that oscillate in predictable patterns each day. This internal clock is influenced by external cues, like sunlight and temperature, which help determine whether one feels energised or exhausted at different times of the day.