STR: Suspicious Transaction Report

How Chinese money laundering organisations exploit capital controls, criminal cash and informal value transfer systems to move illicit wealth across borders. Chinese money laundering organisations have become a growing concern for law enforcement, policymakers and the private sector. But how do these networks operate, why are they attractive to organised crime groups, and what makes the UK vulnerable? Host Tom Keatinge is joined by Kathryn Westmore and Teddy Nicholson. Previously at RUSI, Kathryn is now a Senior Associate Fellow of the CFS programme and author of the SOC ACE research paper Flying Money, Hidden Threat Understanding the growth of Chinese Money Laundering Organisations. Teddy Nicholson is with the NCA's National Economic Crime Centre where he leads their strategy to tackle international illicit finance, to explore the rise of Chinese money laundering organisations, the role of underground banking and informal value transfer systems (IVTS), and the demand created by China's capital controls. Together with Tom, they discuss why these services are used by organised crime groups including those involved in the cocaine trade, how money laundering networks are adapting through crypto, fintech-style tools and cross-border criminal services, and how law enforcement agencies and the regulated sector can respond.

Crypto use is central to Russia's evasion of sanctions aimed at restricting its military procurement. It is past time for action. Over the past four years, sanctions against the financing and resourcing of the Russian military have been a key pillar of the West's response to the Kremlin's illegal war of aggression in Ukraine. But as pressure has mounted on the traditional financial system, a parallel ecosystem has taken shape — one that operates beyond the reach of conventional controls. From shadow fleets moving oil, to increasingly sophisticated procurement networks, Russia has shown a clear ability to adapt. And now, crypto is playing a growing role in enabling the purchase of the goods and components that sustain its war machine. In this latest episode, host Tom Keatinge, Director of the Centre for Finance & Security at RUSI, is joined by Gonzalo Saiz from the CFS team, and Kaitlin Martin, a Senior Intelligence Analyst on the National Security Intelligence team at Chainalysis, to explore how crypto is being used in Russia's procurement networks, and what policymakers need to do to keep up.

Laundering money has never been easier, cheaper, or more secure for bad actors, so why do we persist with our current response? In this latest episode, host Tom Keatinge is joined by journalist Oliver Bullough to discuss his latest book, 'Everybody Loves Our Dollars: How Money Laundering Won', which reveals the seeming futility of the current approach to fighting financial crime. Those who work in the world of financial crime inevitably get caught up on the 'hamster wheel' of compliance without stopping to ask: 'why?' Oliver's book takes the time to do just that. It is a tough read – and an equally challenging listen – for those whose careers have been built on the long-held belief that our approach to financial crime fighting is making a difference. But as Oliver argues, it is past time we considered honestly whether all the money and time spent on fighting financial crime the way we currently approach the challenge is actually making a difference.

How has Russia managed to keep its oil exports flowing despite sanctions and what can governments do to more effectively disrupt the shadow fleet? As Russia adapts its energy exports to withstand sanctions pressure, a parallel maritime system has emerged to keep oil flowing across global markets. In this episode of the Suspicious Transaction Report, CFS Research Fellow Gonzalo Saiz is joined by Michelle Wiese Bockmann, Senior Maritime Intelligence Analyst at Windward, and Claire Grunewald, Co-Founder of Clarity Compliance Consulting and a former Sanctions Compliance Officer at OFAC, to examine how Russia's shadow fleet emerged, the tactics it uses to evade sanctions and continue moving oil despite international restrictions, and what governments can do to disrupt its operations as Russia's war in Ukraine enters its fifth year.

Marking four years since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, we examine how EU sanctions have evolved, expanded and intensified enforcement. As we mark the fourth anniversary of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, this episode explores how EU sanctions on Russia have evolved from an emergency political response into the most extensive and technically sophisticated sanctions regime in the EU's history. Kinga Redłowska, Head of CFS at RUSI Europe, speaks with Brice De Schietere, Head of the Sanctions Division at the European External Action Service (EEAS), about how EU sanctions are designed, negotiated and implemented. The conversation examines the objectives behind restrictive measures, including targeting Russia's energy revenues, restricting access to critical technologies, countering sanctions circumvention and addressing the Russian shadow fleet. They also discuss enforcement challenges, coordination with G7 partners and the UK, the role of third countries and the growing use of autonomous EU sanctions regimes. Four years on, EU sanctions are no longer merely about signalling unity. They are about constraining Russia's war effort, increasing economic pressure and shaping Europe's broader security toolkit. As the war continues, the question is not whether the EU has sanctions instruments at its disposal, but how effectively it uses them in support of Ukraine's peace and security.

Financing is a critical yet overlooked element of Russian sabotage in Europe, shaping how operations unfold and where they can be disrupted. In this latest STR episode, host Kinga Redłowska is joined by CFS Director Tom Keatinge and CFS Senior Associate Fellow Matthew Redhead to review the team's recent report on how Russian sabotage campaigns are funded, and why this important angle has been overlooked by authorities. From low-cost 'disposal agents' to social media recruitment and crypto transfers, the discussion exposes both the vulnerabilities sabotage networks rely on and the leverage points where disruption is possible. Understanding the money trail, they argue, is essential to staying one step ahead.

In a new book, author Anton Moiseienko argues that designing the right incentives will determine the future success of financial crime fighting. In this latest episode of the STR podcast, host Tom Keatinge is joined by former CFS colleague Anton Moiseienko, who is now a Senior Lecturer and Research Director at the Australian National University Law School in Canberra. They discuss Anton's new book, 'Doing Business with Criminals: Between Exclusion and Surveillance'. It is a book that provides an important assessment of the history of financial crime fighting and the policies and laws that govern our actions today; and questions whether we have created the right incentives to ensure all involved are pulling in the same direction, presenting a compelling argument of how the system needs to change.

Gonzalo Saiz and Galen Lamphere-Englund speak with host Tom Keatinge about how online gaming might be exploited by extremist and terrorist actors. In this latest episode of the STR podcast, host Tom Keatinge caught up with CFS Research Fellow Gonzalo Saiz and Galen Lamphere-Englund co-founder and convener of the Extremism and Gaming Research Network to discuss Gonzalo's recent paper on the growing threat of terrorist financing through online gaming platforms. They discuss how terrorist and extremist actors are increasingly exploiting online platforms, not only to fundraise but also disseminate propaganda, recruit members and incite and engage in radicalisation activities.

With three FIU (financial intelligence unit) leadership positions under his belt, and much more besides, Daniel Thelesklaf shares his varied and valued experience in tackling financial crime. In this latest episode of the STR podcast, host Tom Keatinge catches up with Daniel Thelesklaf, long-time friend of RUSI's Centre for Finance and Security. Through FIU leadership positions from Liechtenstein to Germany via Switzerland, and roles as the Moneyval president, the Director of the UN University Finance Against Slavery and Trafficking programme and, now, Egmont vice-chair (not to mention starting life as a compliance officer in the Swiss banking industry), there is not much Daniel has not seen in the financial crime world. Here he shares the lessons he has learned.

Kimberly Donovan joins Kinga Redlowska to discuss the evolving role of economic security and economic statecraft in global affairs. Kimberly Donovan, Director of the Economic Statecraft Initiative at the Atlantic Council, talks to host Kinga Redlowska about the important differences between economic security and economic statecraft, the value of 'positive economic statecraft' and Global South engagement, the 'axis of evasion', and much more besides.

A personal story exploring the challenges of introducing financial integrity and transparency to Myanmar's financial system - and of 650 days of imprisonment as a result. We talk a lot about the realities of fighting financial crime and the harms that these crimes cause. But what happens when the victims are the financial crime fighter or the financial reformer themselves...? In this first episode of Season 8, CFS Director Tom Keatinge speaks with Sean Turnell, an Australian economist and central banker, about his attempts to reform Myanmar's dysfunctional banking system after Aung San Suu Kyi's election victory in 2015, the opposition he faced from the cronies and military leaders who benefited from the status quo, and his subsequent imprisonment following the 2021 coup.

Kinga Redlowska and Tom Keatinge reflect on the latest season, the CFS's 10th anniversary and the future of finance and security work. In this special season-wrap episode of the Suspicious Transaction Report podcast, host Kinga Redlowska, Head of Centre for Finance and Security (CFS) at RUSI Europe, is joined by Director Tom Keatinge to look back on a defining year. Together, they revisit highlights from the past 21 episodes, exploring major themes that emerged – from sanctions and statecraft to assessing the new Labour government's progress against the illicit finance. They look back on the highlights of the season – memorable episodes, key moments like the FinSec25 conference, and a global journey that took the team from London and Brussels to Romania, Armenia, and beyond. The conversation also looks ahead, as CFS continues to adapt to shifting threats from illicit finance and hostile state actors. With thoughtful reflection and an eye toward the future, Kinga and Tom wrap up Season 7 by asking: What lies ahead at the intersection of finance and security?

A look behind the curtain at the financial dimension of Russia's attempts to undermine Moldova's 2024 presidential election and EU referendum. CFS Director Tom Keatinge speaks with Veronica Dragalin, former Chief Anti-Corruption Prosecutor in Moldova, who had a front row seat as the country confronted the reality of Russia's attempts to subvert the 2024 presidential election and EU referendum via large scale illicit money flows into the country.