The Ralston College Podcast

Generously sponsored by the Ben Delo Foundation. Ralston College welcomed Iain McGilchrist and Stephen Wolfram in May of 2026 for a public conversation during our symposium, AI and the Battle for the Soul. Beginning with the promises and implications of this technology, the discussion opens onto a deeper inquiry concerning consciousness, computation, purpose, and the irreducible constitution of reality itself. Setting out from seemingly distant philosophical commitments, these thinkers demonstrate an uncommon willingness to follow first principles wherever they lead. After decades in physics, computer science, and the study of complex systems, Wolfram shares his vision through the lens of computation, looking for the simple rules underlying complexity in the natural world. Drawing upon decades studying philosophy, literature, and neuropsychiatry, McGilchrist makes the case that reality exceeds computation, suggesting that consciousness is grounded in embodiment, receptivity, and participation. The two thinkers do not remain at the level of disagreement, but examine one another's fundamental assumptions with a rare seriousness and intellectual charity. If you would like to support us in this work, please visit ralston.ac/donate. Authors and Works Mentioned in this Episode: Alan Turing Isaac Newton Albert Einstein Charles Darwin Aristotle René Descartes Ludwig Wittgenstein John von Neumann Roger Penrose

In this third lecture, Dr Heather Heying turns to the conditions sufficient for the emergence of sentient consciousness, exploring how life evolves the capacity to perceive, learn, and create. Drawing on the examples of primates, corvids, dolphins, elephants, wolves, and others, she reveals how traits such as long lifespans, extended childhoods, sociality, and play recur in the rare instances where sentience has independently evolved. These convergences, she argues, point to universals in the nature of intelligence itself, from cooperative learning to creative problem-solving. Along the way, Heying connects the biological scaffolding of consciousness to broader questions of culture and discovery, reclaiming science as a pursuit not only of logical proof but also of intuitive insight, where the recognition of pattern is inseparable from the apprehension of beauty. Applications for Ralston College's MA in the Humanities are now open. Learn more and apply today at www.ralston.ac/apply Subscribe for updates at: www.ralston.ac/subscribe Authors and Works Mentioned in this Episode: Thomas Henry Huxley Gerard Manley Hopkins Spiral Staircase: Sagrada Família, Barcelona, Spain Alhambra: Granada, Spain Mattias Desmet Hannah Arendt Henri Poincaré Louis Agassiz Yanagi Soetsu

In this opening lecture, Dr Heather Heying invites listeners on an exploration of the deep structures that underlie both scientific inquiry and the human experience of knowing. Moving fluidly between biology, philosophy, and the history of ideas, she challenges inherited beliefs while seeking reconciliation through a broader epistemic lens. Weaving together Darwin's early evolutionary sketches, the concept of universals, and the distinction between biotic and abiotic origins, she explores how evolution shapes everything from molecular structures to symbolic expression, and how the universals of biology illuminate both human uniqueness and our continuity with the rest of life. Along the way, she reclaims the scientific method from dogma, distinguishes between biotic and abiotic origins, and examines the patterns of similarity and difference that reveal descent with modification. Ultimately, this talk is an invitation to see science not as a closed system of answers, but as a living mode of inquiry, attuned to both mystery and discovery. Applications for Ralston College's MA in the Humanities are now open. Learn more and apply today at www.ralston.ac/apply Subscribe for updates at: www.ralston.ac/subscribe Authors and Works Mentioned in this Episode: Nicole Oresme Galileo Mendeleev Willi Hennig Von Baer - On the History of the Development of Animals Ernst Haeckel

Mari Otsu joins Stephen Blackwood for a deeply personal conversation about her journey through the wounds of materialism, ideology, and spiritual forgetting, and her return to the soul through the beauty of the humanities. Reflecting on her years at NYU and the Grand Central Atelier, Mari speaks of a longing that nothing in the modern, politicized worldview could satisfy, and how she found healing in therapy, classical painting, and, most profoundly, the living philosophical community of Ralston College. Engaging with the works of Plotinus, Boethius, and Dante, she discovered a path of purification and ascent that restored her sense of meaning and inspired her to share these treasures with others. This conversation explores the roots of today's meaning crisis and the redemptive power of beauty, thought, and imagination to heal the soul. Subscribe to receive the latest Ralston College updates at www.ralston.ac/sign-up. Authors and Works Mentioned in this Episode: Plotinus' Enneads Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy Augustine's Confessions Plato Dante's Divine Comedy Monique Wittig's The Straight Mind Chapters 00:00 - Introduction 01:29 - Conversation Begins 02:18 - About Mari 6:00 - Βrief Review of Mari's time at Ralston 8:00 - Mari's Descent into Anguish and Fragmentation 15:20 - The Ideological Component: NYU 23:30 - Leaving Blame Behind 27:20 - Fear as a Symptom of a Spiritual Pathology 29:00 - The Role of Therapy and Right Relationship 34:00 - The Power of Art 44:16 - Moving from Beauty to Contemplation 46:51 - Beginning at Ralston 1:00:00 - Plotinus Moving Beyond Beauty 1:08:00 - Wrapping It All Up 01:11:01 - Exit Music and Fade

Ralston College presents a talk by Christopher Snook, Lecturer in the Department of Classics at Dalhousie University, on St. Augustine's great autobiographical text The Confessions. This talk offers a detailed walk through of Books VII and VIII of Augustine's text in light of Augustine's "abiding preoccupation with the nature of the created order." Snook explores how Augustine absorbed the insights of Platonist philosophers like Plotinus and Porphyry but also moved beyond them as he sought a more embodied account of the nature of the human person. Augustine's own conversion stresses the importance of encountering models for life and reveals the centrality of the incarnate Logos to the Christian understandings of self-realization. This lecture was delivered on January 9th, 2025 at Ralston College's Savannah campus during the third term of the MA in the Humanities program. Support Ralston College's mission to revive the conditions of a free and flourishing culture. Authors and Works Mentioned in this Episode: Dante, The Divine Comedy Cicero, Hortensius T.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock St. Ambrose Plotinus Porphyry Gaius Marius Victorinus Plato, The Republic Virgil, The Aeneid Iamblichus Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol St. Anthony the Great John Scotus Eriugena Anselm of Canterbury Martin Luther Rene Decartes

In February 2025, Ralston College hosted a landmark symposium in Savannah, Georgia, bringing together leading thinkers, artists, educators, and students for a searching conversation about the renewal of our shared culture. Over the course of a wide-ranging roundtable, speakers explored the collapse of higher education, the need for sacred space, the conditions for reawakening beauty and truth, the integral importance of literature, music and architecture, and the crucial role of the young in rebuilding a meaningful culture that can inspire and endure. This conversation is not an academic exercise in abstraction. It is the practical work of preservation—of remembering what the world has forgotten, and of laying foundations for what must come next. The roster of speakers is as follows: Stephen Blackwood: Why we are on the verge of renaissance James Orr: Why America is ready for change David Butterfield: Why colleges are the institutions to build James Hankins: Why the Italian Renaissance emerged Joseph Conlon: Why learning languages is essential Gregg Hurwitz: Why literature must resonate outside academia Jonathan Pageau: Why renewal requires in-person, communal remembrance Samuel Andreyev: Why music needs to know its tradition to thrive Christian Sottile: Why we need beautiful architecture Mari Otsu: Why Ralston College was the place that changed my life Authors, Artists, and Works Mentioned in this Episode: Sir Isaac Newton Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Friedrich Hölderlin's Patmos Martin Heidegger John of Patmos, a figure traditionally identified with John the Apostle or John the Evangelist Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam The Cambridge Five Sir Niall Ferguson Saint Benedict of Nursia Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Charlemagne Alcuin of York Walter de Merton Gaius Marius Marcus Tullius Cicero Paradiso – the third and final part of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy Francesco Petrarca Cola di Rienzo Richard Wagner's opera Rienzi Livy (Titus Livius) Homer Plato Plutarch "JD Vance States the Obvious About Ordo Amoris" – in First Things, by James Orr Pythagoras Plato's dialogue Phaedrus Charles Dickens Alfred Hitchcock William Shakespeare Metamorphoses by Publius Ovidius Naso (43 BCE – 17 CE), known as Ovid Albert Camus – The Stranger James M. Cain – The Postman Always Rings Twice Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment Edgar Allan Poe Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray Michelangelo Buonarroti Pope Julius II The Bible Ezra Pound, quote from ABC of Reading (1934) Professor Jeffrey Eley Mark C. McDonald The Medici Family Gian Giorgio Trissino Andrea Palladio Otto Wagner The Black Paintings (Las Pinturas Negras) by Francisco Goya Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio Peter Paul Rubens

"The Enduring Consolation of Philosophy" is the keynote lecture delivered by Dr Stephen Blackwood at the 2024 Symposium of Medieval and Renaissance studies. In this talk, commemorating the 1500th anniversary of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy, Dr Blackwood shows why this work is more relevant than ever. After takinging stock of the "meaning crisis" and our dire need for depth, Dr Blackwood meditates on the first great insight of the Consolation: that the remedies of the self must emerge from the self. The complex and intricate structures and patterns of Boethius' work are powerful, beautiful, and therapeutic precisely because its harmonies reflect the reality of both the world and the world within. Both the order of the cosmos and the order of the self unfold, for the reader of the Consolation, by way of the book's carefully calibrated pedagogical dimension. Its therapies for the soul consist of tenderness and tough love alike, because the sight, insight, and assent that it seeks to instill cannot be induced by any other means. Instead, the liberating power of consciousness to which this work so insistently points depends on the innate freedom that we all possess—the very freedom to which the example of Boethius endures, to this day, as a singular witness. Learn more at www.ralston.ac. Authors, Artists, and Works Mentioned in this Episode: Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius The Consolation of Philosophy, H. F. Stewart & E. K. Rand, trans. (Loeb, 1918) Alfred the Great, King of the Anglo-Saxons Geoffrey Chaucer Dante Alighieri Saint Thomas Aquinas Sir Thomas More Queen Elizabeth I C. S. Lewis Pope Benedict XVI Victor Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning Peter Abelard Plato, Timaeus Gospel of John Saint Augustine of Hippo Robert Crouse Aristotle