Travelers In The Night

Asteroids appear as moving points of light in an asteroid hunter's images so that when my Catalina Sky Survey teammate Alex Gibbs spotted a fuzzy moving object he immediately suspected it to be a comet. The data obtained by astronomers over the next 8 days enabled scientists at the Minor Planet Center to verify Alex's 31st comet discovery and give it the name C/2018 A6 (Gibbs). In January of 2018 it was in the constellation of Leo traveling from the vast empty space above the Sun's north pole toward the plane of the solar system which contains all of the planets and most of the asteroids. In March of 2018 Comet C/2018 A6 (Gibbs) will cross the plane of the solar system a bit farther from the Sun than the giant planet Jupiter's orbit. After that it will continue on a wide arcing parabolic path, pass under the Sun's south pole in the summer of 2019, and once again cross the plane of the solar system in February of 2021. After that it will continue into the vast empty space above the Sun's north pole from whence it came. How a comet brightens as it approaches the Sun is difficult to predict. With luck humans will be able to spot Comet C/2018 A6 (Gibbs) with their naked eye, binoculars, or a small telescope as it pays a rare visit to our planet's neighborhood.

Most small asteroids are likely to be rubble piles of small rocks and dust loosely held together by their weak force of gravity while others may be made of ices of various substances. A few are solid objects which may contain metals like iron and nickel as well as gold, silver, and platinum. As they whiz by us it is hard to tell much about them from their overall brightness and distance from us. In 2017 my team the Catalina Sky Survey found 21 asteroids having an average diameter of 750 feet which pass closer to the Sun than the planet Mercury. They must be made of very tough rocky material since they regularly receive more solar energy than heats the surface of Mercury to 800F. Over the centuries this repeated baking has likely removed all of their water and other volatile materials leaving only rocky metallic minerals. The largest of this group of tough guys is the half mile in diameter asteroid 2017 VV14 which orbits the Sun once every 3.4 years and can come to about 20 times the Moon's distance from us. The smallest is the 30 foot diameter tiny asteroid 2017 RQ17 which orbits the Sun once every 214 days on a path that brings it close to Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Our Moon. Based on known terrestrial deposits many of the key elements required for modern industry and food production such as phosphorus, antimony, silver, gold, and copper could be exhausted on Earth in the next 50 to 60 years. Perhaps in the future humans will mine tough asteroids for the materials they need.