
How the Crusades gave us 'lingua franca.' 'That' or 'who' for animals? Doot doot doot
From Grammar Girl by QuickAndDirtyTips.com
May 12, 2026 · 15 min · Episode 1184
About this episode
This episode explores the history of lingua francas and discusses the appropriate use of pronouns for animals and inanimate objects.
1184. This week, we look at the history of lingua francas, from the original mix of Italian, French, Spanish, Arabic, and Turkish used during the Crusades to today's global English. Plus, we look at whether it's wrong to use "who" for animals, "that" instead of "who" for people, and "whose" for inanimate objects. The lingua franca segment was written by Alexandra Aikhenvald , a Professor and Australian Laureate Fellow at Jawun Research Institute, CQ University in Australia. It originally ran on The Conversation and appears here through a Creative Commons license . AI systems confusing dog faces with blueberry muffins . 🔗 Join the Grammar Girl Patreon. 🔗 Share your familect recording in Speakpipe or by leaving a voicemail at 833-214-GIRL (833-214-4475) 🔗 Watch my LinkedIn Learning writing courses . 🔗 Subscribe to the newsletter . 🔗 Find an edited transcript . 🔗 Get Grammar Girl books . | HOST: Mignon Fogarty | Grammar Girl is part of the Quick and Dirty Tips podcast network . Audio Engineer: Castria Communications Director of Podcast: Holly Hutchings Advertising Operations Specialist…
People in this episode
Host: Mignon Fogarty
Topics covered
- lingua franca
- Crusades
- language usage
- animal pronouns
- inanimate objects
- AI confusion
Keywords
- lingua franca
- Crusades
- language
- pronouns
- AI
- communication
Mentioned in this episode
Organizations: Jawun Research Institute, CQ University, The Conversation, Quick and Dirty Tips, Castria Communications, Acast
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