Long COVID the Answers

Professor Erica Spatz MD talks to Dr Funmi Okunola MD about the effects of Long COVID on the heart. Professor Spatz is a cardiologist and clinical investigator at the Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation. She is the Associate Professor of Cardiology and Associate Professor of Epidemiology at Yale School of Medicine in the USA and is the Director of the Preventative Cardiovascular Health Program. REFERENCES1.Shah SM, Odanovic N, Kunnirickal S, Feher A, Pfau SE, Spatz ES. Chest pain and coronary endothelial dysfunction after recovery from COVID‐19: A case series. Clinical Case Reports. 2022 Apr;10(4):e05612.2.HilserJR, Spencer NJ, Afshari K, Gilliland FD, Hu H, Deb A, Lusis AJ, Wilson Tang WH, Hartiala JA, Hazen SL, Allayee H. COVID-19 Is a Coronary Artery Disease Risk Equivalent and Exhibits a Genetic Interaction With ABO Blood Type. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2024 Nov;44(11):2321-33.

Professor Michelle Harkins MD is Professor of Medicine at the School of Medicine at the University of New Mexico and Division Chief Of Pulmonary Critical Care in the United States of America is interviewed by Dr Funmi Okunola MD about breathing difficulties with Long COVID.REFERENCES1 Breathing Difficulty in Long COVID - Long COVID the Answers Website2. . Evans R, Pick A, Lardner R, Masey V, Smith N, Greenhalgh T. Breathing difficulties after covid-19: a guide for primary care. bmj. 2023 Jun 14;381.

Professor Ric Arseneau MD is a clinical professor at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, and a specialist in internal medicine with expertise in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/ CFS), Fibromyalgia and Long COVID. He is interviewed today about ME/CFS by Dr Funmi Okunola MD.REFERENCES1. Walitt B, Singh K, LaMunion SR, Hallett M, Jacobson S, Chen K, Enose-Akahata Y, Apps R, Barb JJ, Bedard P, Brychta RJ. Deep phenotyping of post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Nature Communications. 2024 Feb 21;15(1):907.2 Project ECHO at the University of New Mexico3 Dr Ric Arseneau Website4. ME TV 5 "Family & Friends" - ME TV Video6 2003 Canadian Consensus Criteria for ME/CFS7 2016 Definition for Fibromyalgia (FM)8 Vahratian A, Lin JM, Bertolli J, Unger ER. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in adults: United States, 2021–2022. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics; 2023 Dec 1.9 "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome More Common than Previous Estimates" - Medical News Dec 202310 Hickie I, Davenport T, Wakefield D, Vollmer-Conna U, Cameron B, Vernon SD, Reeves WC, Lloyd A. Post-infective and chronic fatigue syndromes precipitated by viral and non-viral pathogens: prospective cohort study.Bmj. 2006 Sep 14;333(7568):575.

Dr Amy Proal, Microbiologist, President and Chief Scientific Officer of Polybio discusses Long COVID in the context of other viral illnesses that lead to Chronic Post Viral Illness. This is part 1 of a 2 part series.REFERENCESPolybioProal AD, VanElzakker MB. Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): an overview of biological factors that may contribute to persistent symptoms. Frontiers in microbiology. 2021 Jun 23;12:698169.

Professor James Jackson PsyD is a licensed neuropsychologist and internationally renowned expert on Long Covid and its effects on cognitive and mental health functioning. He is a research professor of Medicine and Psychiatry at Vanderbilt, University School of Medicine Consortium in Nashville, Tennessee in the USA. He is interviewed by Dr Funmi Okunola about the nature and rehabilitation of Brain Fog in Long COVID.He is also author of “Clearing the Fog from Surviving to Thriving with Long COVID – A Practical Guide”.REFERENCES1. “Clearing the Fog from Surviving to Thriving with Long COVID – A Practical Guide”.2. The Long COVID Handbook by Gez Medinger & Professor Danny Altmann3. MoCa Test4. Mini Mental State Exam

Dr Richard J. Baron MD - President and CEO of the American Board of InternalMedicine and the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, talks to Dr FunmiOkunola about how Primary Care needs to adapt to provide medical services forLong COVID and other forms of chronic disease.1. The Patient Centered Medical Home, History, Seven Core Features, Evidence andTransformational Change – Published by the Robert Graham Center, 20072. Homer CJ, Baron RJ. How to scale up primary care transformation: what we know and what we need to know?. Journal of general internal medicine. 2010 Jun;25:625-9.3. The Aspen Policy Strategy Institute

Professor Todd Davenport is the Professor and Vice Chair of the Department of Physical Therapy in the School of Health Sciences at the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California, USA is interviewed by Dr Funmi Okunola about Post Exertional Malaise in Long COVID and ME/CFS.REFERENCES1.    Davenport TE,Stevens SR, Stevens J, Snell CR, VanNess JM. Lessons from myalgicencephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome for Long COVID: Postexertionalsymptom exacerbation is an abnormal response to exercise/activity. J OrthopSports Phys Ther. 2022.2.    Long COVID Physio’s Pacing Video3.    Carruthers et al International Consensus Criteria for ME, which contains the criteria for PENE4.    Walitt B, Singh K, LaMunion SR, Hallett M, Jacobson S, Chen K, Enose-Akahata Y, AppsR, Barb JJ, Bedard P, Brychta RJ. Deep phenotyping of post-infectious myalgicencephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Nature Communications. 2024 Feb21;15(1):907. 5.    Appelman B, Charlton BT, Goulding RP, Kerkhoff TJ, Breedveld EA, Noort W, Offringa C,Bloemers FW, van Weeghel M, Schomakers BV, Coelho P. Muscle abnormalitiesworsen after post-exertional malaise in long COVID. Nature communications. 2024Jan 4;15(1):1-56.    PEM time course fact sheet7.    Energy saving tips fact sheet8.    Heart rate monitor fact sheet9.    Why do a two-day CPET? Informational sheet10. KREB/Citric Acid Cycle – Courtesy of the Khan Academy11.  Long Covid Physio YouTube Channel