Math! Science! History!

After nearly seven years and more than 200 episodes, this is where I say goodbye to Math! Science! History!. The podcast began with my book Hypatia: The Sum of Her Life and grew into something far beyond what I imagined. Thank you for listening, for following me through all of these stories, and for giving me the opportunity to explore the history behind mathematics, science, and the people and ideas that changed our understanding of the world. The podcast may be ending, but the archive, the research, and the stories will remain here for you to explore. And perhaps it's fitting that our final story is about the Library of Alexandria. The Library didn't survive as an institution, but its ideas survived because people copied them, studied them, translated them, and passed them on. I hope Math! Science! History! can do something similar. As I move into whatever comes next, I'll leave you with the original meaning of carpe diem: to pluck the day, to savor what is ripe and ready, and then use that harvest to plant the seeds for the next season. Thank you for seven incredible years. Carpe diem, my friends. 3 Things You'll Learn 1. The Library of Alexandria was not necessarily destroyed by Caesar. Caesar's fire in 48 BCE certainly destroyed books, but the ancient evidence does not establish that it destroyed the entire Library. Alexandria's scholarly institutions and collections continued afterward. 2. The Library disappeared through a much longer and more complicated process. The Royal Library, Mouseion, Serapeum, and other collections existed in different forms and at different times. Political instability, changing patronage, violence, destruction, and institutional decline all played roles in the gradual disappearance of Alexandria's great scholarly institutions. 3. Knowledge can survive even when institutions disappear. The books of Alexandria did not remain together as one intact collection, but ideas survived through copying, translation, and transmission. Centuries later, scholars working across the Byzantine, Syriac, Persian, and Islamic worlds helped preserve and transmit Greek knowledge into Arabic and beyond. 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com 📚 To buy my book Hypatia: The Sum of Her Life on Amazon, visit https://a.co/d/g3OuP9h 🌍 Let's Connect!Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/mathsciencehistory.bsky.social Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/math.science.history LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/math-science-history/ YouTube: Math! Science! History! - YouTube 🎧 Enjoying the Podcast? ☕ Support the Show: Coffee!! PayPal Leave a review! It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform Check out our merch: https://www.mathsciencehistory.com/the-store Music: All music is public domain and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. Selections from The Little Prince by Lloyd Rodgers Until next time, carpe diem!

Scientists have officially identified a new wild cat species in Bolivia and a new snake species from New Guinea—and one of them is named after Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash. But these discoveries are about much more than a cute cat and a rock-star snake. In this episode of How Did We Get Here? Science News Tuesday, we look at how scientists identify new species, why some animals can remain hidden in plain sight for centuries, and how modern genetics and genomics are changing our understanding of the tree of life. From Carl Linnaeus and the origins of scientific classification to DNA analysis and museum specimens, we explore how scientists went from naming what they could see to uncovering evolutionary relationships that aren't visible to the naked eye. And there's a bigger question: How many species are still out there waiting to be recognized—and could some disappear before we even know they exist? Three Things You'll Learn 1. How a "new" species can hide in plain sight. 2. Why a snake was named after Slash, and how Slash rocks out for animals! 3. How DNA changed the way we classify life 4. Why discovering species matters for conservation Welcome to the jungle: newly-discovered snake named after Slash from Guns N' Roses - Field Museum https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/see-the-first-new-species-of-cat-discovered-in-more-than-a-century-its-adorable 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com 📚 To buy my book Hypatia: The Sum of Her Life on Amazon, visit https://a.co/d/g3OuP9h 🌍 Let's Connect!YouTube: Math! Science! History! - YouTube Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/math.science.history LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/math-science-history/ 🎧 Enjoying the Podcast? ☕ Support the Show: Coffee!! PayPal Leave a review! It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform Check out our merch: https://www.mathsciencehistory.com/the-store Music: All music is public domain and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. Selections from The Black Book by Lloyd Rodgers Until next time, carpe diem!

In this episode of Math, Science, History, host Gabrielle Birchak does a repost about Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, a 19-year-old prodigy whose curiosity during a two-week sea voyage in 1930 led to a groundbreaking discovery. While sailing from India to England, Chandrasekhar, armed only with a notebook and the vast expanse of the ocean, began questioning the fate of stars after they exhausted their fuel. Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com To buy my book Hypatia: The Sum of Her Life on Amazon, visit https://a.co/d/g3OuP9h Enjoying the Podcast? If you love Math, Science, History, here's how you can help: Leave a review – It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform ☕ Support the Show! We are sponsored by Coffee!! https://shorturl.at/bHIsc Checking out our merch: https://www.mathsciencehistory.com/the-store Music: All music is public domain and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. On Matters of Consequence from The Little Prince by Lloyd Rodgers Until next time, carpe diem!

Your job is what you do, not who you are - and that distinction could change your life. Gabrielle Birchak spotlights the astonishing story of Paul Tannery, a daytime engineer in the French tobacco administration whose after-hours curiosity helped reshape the history of mathematics and science.If you've ever felt like your work has started to define your entire identity, this episode offers a powerful reset. Gabrielle makes the case for building a second life around curiosity, hobby, and learning - not as a luxury, but as a source of well-being, purpose, and even legacy.You'll discover: · Why meaningful interests outside work are linked to lower stress and higher life satisfaction · How hobbies and non-work activities can strengthen mental health across cultures · Why curiosity matters even when it never becomes "productive" · The surprising power of sharing what you learn with other people · A simple 20-minute weekly practice to become more than your job title Gabrielle connects Tannery's life to modern research, including findings on psychological detachment from work and global studies on hobby engagement and mental well-being. The result is a short episode with a big message: the things you pursue for joy may end up shaping your life more than the work that pays the bills. Perfect for anyone feeling stuck in their role, hungry for a fuller identity, or looking for permission to follow their curiosity again. If you need a reminder that learning for its own sake still matters, this one will leave you thinking differently about your time, your talents, and your future. Notable Quotes · "Your job is what you do, but it does not have to be who you are." · "Curiosity is not a distraction from life. It is one of the things that makes life richer." · "Knowledge grows when it is shared." 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com 📚 To buy my book Hypatia: The Sum of Her Life on Amazon, visit https://a.co/d/g3OuP9h 🎧 Enjoying the Podcast? 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com ☕ Support the Show: Coffee!! PayPal Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform Check out our merch: https://www.mathsciencehistory.com/the-store Music: All music is public domain and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. Selection is from The Little Prince by Lloyd Rodgers Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform Leave a review! It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Until next time, carpe diem!

In this episode of Momentum Monday, I cover how the ancient mathematician Diophantus, who revolutionized problem-solving by focusing on relationships between numbers, can inspire us to rethink our own relationships. Instead of fixating on fixing others, I challenge you to observe, question, and experiment with your connections, just like solving an equation. Whether it's a coworker, family member, or friend, I share how curiosity, pattern recognition, and small changes can shift the momentum in your favor. Plus, I reference research from Albert Bandura, Daniel Kahneman, and B.F. Skinner to ground these ideas in psychology. 🔗 Sources & Further Reading: Diophantus and the Birth of Algebra Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory Daniel Kahneman's Thinking, Fast and Slow B.F. Skinner Science and Human Behavior 3 Things You'll Learn How to observe relationships like a mathematician, identify patterns, not just problems. Why questioning your assumptions (e.g., "Are they ignoring me or overwhelmed?") prevents misunderstandings. How to experiment with small changes to shift the dynamic in any relationship. 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com 📚 To buy my book Hypatia: The Sum of Her Life on Amazon, visit https://a.co/d/g3OuP9h 🎧 Enjoying the Podcast? 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com ☕ Support the Show: Coffee!! PayPal Leave a review! It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform Check out our merch: https://www.mathsciencehistory.com/the-store Music: All music is Public Domain Mark 1.0 Universal and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. Selections from Violin Machine: A Deconstruction of the Bach Concerto by Lloyd Rodgers Until next time, carpe diem!

Can mathematics be patented? In this episode, I explore one of the most fascinating questions in mathematics, intellectual property, and computer science by tracing the history of patents from the ancient world to today's software and AI algorithms. Along the way, we'll discover why mathematical ideas themselves remain unpatentable while the innovative ways we apply them can change technology, and the future. 🌐 Website: https://www.MathScienceHistory.com ☕Support the show: https://paypal.com/ncp/payment/PR7F7ST49GDNA You'll learn: • Why mathematics itself cannot be patented but mathematical applications sometimes can. • How ancient patent and copyright ideas evolved into modern intellectual property law. • How the MP3, Fourier Series, FFT, and the Alice v. CLS Bank case shaped today's software patents. Follow the show, subscribe on your favorite podcast platform, and leave a review to help more people discover Math! Science! History! Music: All music is public domain and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. Selections from The Little Prince by Lloyd Rodgers Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform! Leave a review! It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Until next time, carpe diem!

Success doesn't begin with talent, it begins with the habits you practice when no one is watching. This week, I share three powerful life lessons from chemist John Dalton that can help you build momentum, overcome obstacles, and develop the kind of character that earns lasting respect. 🌐 Website: https://www.MathScienceHistory.com☕Support the show: https://paypal.com/ncp/payment/PR7F7ST49GDNA You'll learn: • How to move forward even when opportunities seem out of reach. • Why consistent daily habits create extraordinary results over time. • How humility and genuine relationships build a legacy that lasts. Follow the podcast, subscribe on your favorite platform, and leave a review to help more people discover Math, Science, and History. Momentum Music: All music is Public Domain Mark 1.0 Universal and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. Selections from Violin Machine: A Deconstruction of the Bach Concerto by Lloyd Rodgers Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform Leave a review! It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Until next time, carpe diem!

Your instinct to question evidence, challenge "the way things are," and fall in love with a hard problem isn't a personality quirk; it's the exact thinking that built modern science, anthropology, and mathematics. In this Flashcards Friday episode, I break down three quick "cards" inspired by Sir Francis Bacon, Margaret Mead, and Paul Erdős, and show how their most famous breakthroughs mirror instincts you already have. This one's a companion to last Wednesday's Pride Month special, but it stands entirely on its own. 🌐 Website: https://www.MathScienceHistory.com ☕Support the show: https://paypal.com/ncp/payment/PR7F7ST49GDNA Three Things You'll Learn · How Francis Bacon's inductive reasoning became the foundation of the entire scientific method, and the personal risk he took living as a gay man in Elizabethan England · Why Margaret Mead's research in Samoa proved that "normal" is often just "what we decided and forgot we decided" · How Paul Erdős treated unsolved math problems like lifelong relationships, and why that's the key to real mathematical thinking Subscribe so you never miss a Flashcards Friday, and if this one hit home, leave a review—it helps more curious minds find the show! Flashcard Music: Gift of the Stars from The Little Prince by Lloyd Rodgers. All music is in the public domain and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. IMAGES: Bacon, Francis (1561-1626) -- Portraits Portraits Appartient à l'ensemble documentaire - By Bibliothèque nationale de France, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=161117399 Margaret Mead - By Los Angeles Daily News - https://digital.library.ucla.edu/catalog/ark:/21198/zz0002pz57, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=117411558 Coming of Age cover (1928) – Public Domain - Coming of Age in Samoa: margaret mead : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive Paul Erdos - By Kmhkmh - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=123828932 Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform. Leave a review! It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Until next time, carpe diem!

For Pride Month, I profile eight scientists across eight identities in the 2SLGBTQI+ community. From the equations underpinning modern physics to the brain cells once dismissed as filler tissue, these researchers shaped the world we live in, often while hiding, fighting for, or paying dearly for who they were. Today I trace the lives of Sofia Kovalevskaya, Alan Turing, Margaret Mead, Ben Barres, Christopher Strachey, Magnus Hirschfeld, Paul Erdős, and Lozen, eight stories of brilliance that history tried, and failed, to erase. 3 Things You'll Learn in This Episode How a forged marriage opened the door to modern physics. Sofia Kovalevskaya couldn't attend university as a woman in Russia, so she found another way in, and ended up proving foundational theorems that every engineer and physicist still relies on today. Why the man who helped win WWII was punished by the country he saved. Alan Turing's codebreaking work is credited with shortening the war by years and saving millions of lives. Decades later, that same government prosecuted him for being gay, then put him on its currency. How "supporting" brain cells turned out to be running the show. Ben Barres's research overturned decades of neuroscience consensus about glial cells, and his own experience transitioning gave him a firsthand look at gender bias in science that became one of the most cited accounts of its kind. Featured Scientists & Resources Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850–1891), Mathematician Cooke, R. (1984). The Mathematics of Sonya Kovalevskaya. Springer-Verlag. Koblitz, A. H. (1983). A Convergence of Lives: Sofia Kovalevskaia, Scientist, Writer, Revolutionary. Birkhäuser. MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive Alan Turing (1912–1954), Mathematician & Computer Scientist Hodges, A. (1983). Alan Turing: The Enigma. Burnett Books. Turing, A. M. (1950). "Computing Machinery and Intelligence." Mind, 59(236), 433–460. The Alan Turing Institute Bank of England: Alan Turing £50 note Wellcome Sanger Institute Blog: "LGBTQ+ scientists who shaped history" Margaret Mead (1901–1978), Anthropologist Mead, M. (1928). Coming of Age in Samoa. William Morrow & Company. Mead, M. (1975). "Bisexuality: A New Awareness." Redbook Magazine. Banner, L. W. (2003). Intertwined Lives: Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, and Their Circle. Knopf. QueerBio.com: Margaret Mead Legacy Project Chicago: Margaret Mead Ben Barres (1954–2017), Neurobiologist Barres, B. A. (2018). The Autobiography of a Transgender Scientist. MIT Press. Barres, B. A. (2006). "Does gender matter?" Nature, 442, 133–136. Allen, N. J., & Barres, B. A. (2005). "Signaling between glia and neurons: focus on synaptic plasticity." Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15(5), 542–548. Wellcome Sanger Institute Blog: "LGBTQ+ scientists who shaped history" Christopher Strachey (1916–1975), Computer Scientist Campbell-Kelly, M. (1985). "Christopher Strachey, 1916–1975: A Biographical Note." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 7(1), 19–42. Strachey, C. (1967). "Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages." Published posthumously in Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation, 13 (2000), 11–49. Computer History Museum: Christopher Strachey Magnus Hirschfeld (1868–1935), Physician & Sexologist Hirschfeld, M. (1910). Die Transvestiten. Alfred Pulvermacher. Wolff, C. (1986). Magnus Hirschfeld: A Portrait of a Pioneer in Sexology. Quartet Books. Encyclopædia Britannica: Magnus Hirschfeld US Holocaust Memorial Museum: Magnus Hirschfeld Science Museum Blog: "Magnus Hirschfeld and the Institute for Sexual Science" Paul Erdős (1913–1996), Mathematician Hoffman, P. (1998). The Man Who Loved Only Numbers: The Story of Paul Erdős and the Search for Mathematical Truth. Hyperion. Schechter, B. (1998). My Brain Is Open: The Mathematical Journeys of Paul Erdős. Simon & Schuster. ASBMB: "LGBTQ+ scientists in history" The Erdős Number Project, Oakland University Lozen (c. 1840–1889), Medicine Woman & Warrior Ball, E. (1970). In the Days of Victorio: Recollections of a Warm Springs Apache. University of Arizona Press. Aleshire, P. (1998). Warrior Woman: The Story of Lozen, Apache Warrior and Shaman. St. Martin's Press. Multnomah County Library: "Notable Two-Spirit Figures in History" Legends of America: "Lozen: Apache War Woman & Prophet" New Mexico Historic Women Marker Program: "Little Sister Lozen" 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com 📚 To buy my book Hypatia: The Sum of Her Life on Amazon, visit https://a.co/d/g3OuP9h 🌍 Let's Connect!Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/math.science.history LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/math-science-history/ YouTube: Math! Science! History! - YouTube 🎧 Enjoying the Podcast? ☕ Support the Show: Coffee!! PayPal Leave a review! It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform Check out our merch: https://www.mathsciencehistory.com/the-store Music: All music is public domain and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. Selections from The Little Prince by Lloyd RodgersSkylight by Aidan Pinset is from Pixabay and has no copyrightDocumentary by Nikita Kondrashev is from Pixabay and has no copyrightNature Documentary by Alisia Beats is from Pixabay and has no copyrightModular Ambient by S Scheidl is from Pixabay and has no copyrightFrom Page to Practice by Brian Teoh and has no copyright Old Tolchaco by Southwest Native American Indian Flute is from Pixabay and has no copyright Until next time, carpe diem!

In this episode of Momentum Monday, I cover the unexpected power of game theory, not just for economists or chess players, but as a practical toolkit for smarter decisions in work, relationships, and personal habits. I break down three game-changing strategies: 1) Know Your "Game" (mapping players, rules, and payoffs) 2) Build Your BATNA (your secret weapon for negotiation leverage) 3) Tilt the Game in Your Favor (shaping interactions for win-win outcomes) Whether you're negotiating a raise, handling a tough conversation, or just trying to stick to your gym routine, these tactics will help you design your environment for success. Learn more about game theory's real-world applications here and how to apply BATNA in negotiations here. What You'll Learn: How to map your interactions like a game, identifying players, rules, and payoffs to make smarter decisions. (Source: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Why BATNA (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement) is your negotiation superpower, and how to build one. (Source: Harvard PON) How to shape your environment and incentives to tilt outcomes in your favor, even in everyday situations. Call to Action:🔹 Try it this week: Pick one interaction where you'll apply one of these power-ups. Notice how it changes your approach, and your results!🔹 Share your win: Tag me on social media @Math.Science.History with #MomentumMonday and tell me which strategy worked for you!🔹 Subscribe & Review: Help more people discover Momentum Monday by leaving a review on Apple Podcasts or Spotify. Every review fuels the momentum! 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com 📚 To buy my book Hypatia: The Sum of Her Life on Amazon, visit https://a.co/d/g3OuP9h ☕ Support the Show: Coffee!! PayPal Leave a review! It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform Check out our merch: https://www.mathsciencehistory.com/the-store Music: All music is Public Domain Mark 1.0 Universal and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. Selections from Violin Machine: A Deconstruction of the Bach Concerto by Lloyd Rodgers Until next time, carpe diem!

In this Earth Day week special of Flashcards Friday, we explore the growing environmental impact of artificial intelligence and digital technology. While AI is revolutionizing our world, it comes with a hidden cost, massive energy consumption and increasing strain on our planet. In this episode, you'll learn how data centers contribute to global electricity use, how your everyday digital habits add to the problem, and most importantly, what you can do to help curb energy consumption. From holding tech companies accountable to making smarter personal choices, this episode empowers you to take meaningful action toward a more sustainable digital future. What You'll Learn in This Episode How AI and data centers contribute to global energy consumption and carbon emissions Simple, practical ways to reduce your personal digital energy footprint How to advocate for sustainable technology and hold companies accountable Key Takeaways Data centers already consume ~1% of global electricity, and demand is rising rapidly Everyday actions like sending emails, streaming, and using AI tools all have an energy cost Small habit changes can collectively make a significant environmental impact Consumer pressure and policy advocacy can push tech companies toward sustainability Call to Action Audit your digital habits today: Clean out your inbox, reduce unnecessary emails, and limit high-energy digital activities Support sustainable companies: Choose tech platforms committed to renewable energy and transparency Speak up: Ask companies about their carbon footprint and share awareness on social media Subscribe & Share: If you found this episode valuable, share it with a friend and subscribe so you never miss a Flashcards Friday Flashcards Recap Ask & Advocate: Demand transparency and support green policies Cut Digital Waste: Reduce unnecessary digital consumption Choose Mindfully: Prioritize energy-efficient habits and technologies 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com 📚 To buy my book Hypatia: The Sum of Her Life on Amazon, visit https://a.co/d/g3OuP9h 🎧 Enjoying the Podcast? 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com ☕ Support the Show: Coffee!! PayPal Leave a review! It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform Check out our merch: https://www.mathsciencehistory.com/the-store Music: All music is public domain and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. Selections from The Little Prince by Lloyd Rodgers Until next time, carpe diem!

In this Earth Day Week episode, I explore how momentum, whether in social movements, politics, or personal relationships, starts with communication, not agreement. Drawing from the origins of the first Earth Day, I highlight how bipartisan collaboration sparked a movement that engaged 20 million Americans. You'll learn how structured dialogue reduces polarization, why understanding values is the real bridge to empathy, and how consistent communication builds trust and momentum over time. This episode reveals the math of common ground and how two perspectives together solve complex problems better than one alone. 3 Things You'll Learn Why communication across disagreement is a proven strategy to reduce hostility and increase empathy. How finding common ground works like solving simultaneous equations in math, revealing shared solutions. The importance of consistent, repeated dialogue in building trust and sustaining momentum for change. Resources Earth Day history and 20 million participants: Earth Day History APA on healing political divides: Healing the Political Divide (APA) Stanford on empathy and polarization: Stanford Research on Empathy and Respect University of Rochester megastudy on reducing partisan animosity: Research-backed Ways to Bridge America's Political Divide UC Berkeley on limits of brief dialogue: Can Conversations Reduce Political Conflict?\u00A0 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com 📚 To buy my book Hypatia: The Sum of Her Life on Amazon, visit https://a.co/d/g3OuP9h 🎧 Enjoying the Podcast? 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com ☕ Support the Show: Coffee!! PayPal Leave a review! It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform Check out our merch: https://www.mathsciencehistory.com/the-store Music: All music is Public Domain Mark 1.0 Universal and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. Selections from Violin Machine: A Deconstruction of the Bach Concerto by Lloyd Rodgers Until next time, carpe diem!

What happens when the person who does the most essential work never gets the credit? In this episode of Math, Science, History, I tell the story of Rosalind Franklin, the brilliant, exacting chemist whose X-ray diffraction image, Photo 51, revealed the double helix structure of DNA. From the basement of King's College London to the Nobel Prize ceremony she never attended, this episode traces how recognition fades, gets redistributed, and sometimes takes seventy years to settle. It's a story about science, yes, but also about who gets to be remembered, and why the quiet ones doing the actual work so often disappear from history before history knows it has a debt to pay. What You'll Learn · How Rosalind Franklin used X-ray crystallography to capture Photo 51, and what she derived from that single image · How Watson and Crick accessed Franklin's data without her knowledge, and what it meant for the published record · Why Franklin never shared in the 1962 Nobel Prize, and the ongoing debate about what would have happened had she lived Quote from the Episode "Rosalind Franklin knew the shape of DNA from its shadow. We know the shape of this problem from its data. The question this podcast really asks is whether knowing is enough.", Gabrielle Birchak Episode Resources Dr. Rosalind Franklin, Rosalind Franklin University The Story Behind Photograph 51, King's College London From the Archive: Rosalind Franklin's Famous Photo 51, UKRI Women Are Credited Less in Science Than Men, Nature Natalie Portman to Star as Rosalind Franklin in Photograph 51 Science Museum of Virginia, Rosalind Franklin 🔗 Explore more on our website: mathsciencehistory.com 📚 To buy my book Hypatia: The Sum of Her Life on Amazon, visit https://a.co/d/g3OuP9h 🎧 Enjoying the Podcast? ☕ Support the Show: Coffee!! PayPal Leave a review! It helps more people discover the show! Share this episode with friends & fellow history buffs! Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform Check out our merch: https://www.mathsciencehistory.com/the-store Music: All music is public domain and has no Copyright and no rights reserved. Selections from The Little Prince by Lloyd Rodgers Until next time, carpe diem!