Nursing School - Audio Review

1. Describe relevant terminology.Hospice, Palliative care, Integrated hospice palliative care approach, End-of-life (EOL) care, Continuous palliative sedation.2. Contrast the approach of palliative care with disease modification therapy.Illness trajectory, Goals, Focus of care, Presentation/Diagnosis.3. Recognize physical manifestations of the end of life and determine patient priority nursing problems (diagnoses).Sensory, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Genitourinary, Gastrointestinal,Musculoskeletal, Integumentary. 4. Recognize psychosocial manifestations of the end of life and determine patient priority nursing problems (diagnoses).Withdrawal, Communication, Vision-like experiences, Anxiety/Depression, Anger, Hopelessness, Powerlessness, and All types of fear. 5. Outline the nurse’s responsibilities for assessment in the person at end of life.Determining priorities in assessment.Physical, Symptom (OPQRST), Social, Spiritual, Cultural.6. Implement appropriate nursing interventions and pharmacological treatment based on patient’s needs at end of life.Psychosocial support of patient, family and caregivers.Physical care: Pain, delirium, dysphagia, weakness, fatigue, dehydration, dyspnea, myoclonus, skin breakdown, bowel and urinary changes, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, candidiasis.Analgesia, antiemetics, anticholinergic (glycopyrrolate), bronchodilators, oxygen, anxiolytics, antidepressants, topical treatments.7. Describe steps in post-mortem care. Pronouncement of death, Certification of death, Preparing the body.8. Identify special needs of nurses who provide end of life care.Rewarding.Challenging: Feelings of loss and grief manifested in physical and emotional ways. Must utilize interventions for coping to maintain well-being.

1. Define Parkinson’s disease.Chronic, slow, progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia characterized by tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability.2. Describe the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease.Role of DA producing neurons in the substantia nigra.Imbalance of two neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh).3. Identify the etiology of Parkinson’s disease.Possible causative factors of PD.Other medical conditions with Parkinson-like symptoms. 4. State the incidence of Parkinson’s disease.Age group most affectedGender5. Describe the clinical manifestations (motor and non-motor features) of Parkinson’s disease.Primary:TremorsRigidityAkinesia/bradykinesiaPostural instability Secondary:Fine motor function problemsDysarthriaHypophoniaMasklike faceFatigue and weaknessAutonomic manifestationsCognitive impairmentsEmotional labilitySleep disturbance 6. Describe the stages of Parkinson’s disease.Stages I-V 7. Understand the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease.History and clinical findingsRule out other disordersConventional diagnosis 8. Identify health problems in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Worsening of motor and nonmotor symptoms as the disease process progresses. 9. Describe nursing interventions used to promote adaptation in patients with Parkinson’s disease. General principles and specific interventionsTeam approachReferralsEducationDischarge planningCommunity care and involvementNurse’s role10. Understand nonpharmacological strategies to manage the signs and symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease.Exercise therapySpeech therapyRelaxation techniquesSelf-care managementBalance nutritionStrategies to prevent constipation, anxiety, pain, sleep disorders, and activities to improve cognitionUse of complementary therapies 11. Identify surgical procedures that may be implemented to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.ThalamotomyPallidotomyDeep brain stimulation (DBS)Fetal-adrenal transplantsStem cell transplants

1. Describe the physiological adaptation of the newborn (the transition from intrauterine life to extrauterine life). a. Periods of reactivity b. OXYGENATION i. Respiratory system ii. Cardiovascular system iii. Hematopoietic system c. Thermogenic system i. Heat loss ii. Cold stress d. ELIMINATION i. Renal system ii. Gastrointestinal system s iii. Hepatic system e. Others: • i. IMMUNE System • ii. INTEGUMENT System • iii. REPRODUCTIVE System • iv. SKELETAL System • v. NEUROMUSCULAR System 2. Describe the psychosocial adaptation of the newborn. a. Newborn developmental tasks: Trust versus Mistrust 3. Physical assessment of newborn normal findings. a. General appearance b. V/S c. Baseline measurement of growth d. Gestational age 4. Identify the nursing care of the newborn. a. Common newborn concerns i.Birth injuries ii.Jaundice iii. Hypoglycemia iv.Hypocalcemia b. Labs/screening tests Interventions (protective environment)

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