People Solve Problems

On this episode of People Solve Problems, host Jamie Flinchbaugh welcomes Brittany Irwin, Applications and AI Engineering Manager at NFI Industries. With an industrial engineering degree from the University of Pittsburgh’s Swanson School of Engineering and a career spanning large-scale third-party logistics and fast-moving B2B SaaS startups, Brittany offers a grounded view of how people, processes, and technology fit together. The conversation centers on a theme she has presented publicly, including at the Lehigh CSCRL Spring Symposium: how organizations move AI from hype to habit. Brittany makes a case that runs counter to a common assumption. Most AI and automation efforts in logistics do not stall because the technology falls short, she explains, but because the business was never ready for it. The industrial engineering instinct to find waste and standardize it is the same discipline AI demands, since a tool can only return a reliable output when it is given a reliable input. So before moving any process toward automation, Brittany asks a pointed set of questions: where the process begins and ends, what the top exceptions are and why they happen, and whether any of it is actually written down. That last question leads to what Brittany finds most underestimated, which is language itself. Being on time, she notes, can mean leaving the dock to one team and reaching the customer to another, and AI cannot reconcile a definition that people have never agreed on. This is why she puts such weight on a single source of truth. Consistent data definitions, documented exceptions, and shared context are what let a team build trust, reduce rework, and prepare the ground before automation is switched on. Just as important, and far less often discussed, is the politics of change. Brittany asks two questions of every process: who gains power if it is standardized or automated, and who loses it. The first reveals a natural champion. The second reveals the person most likely to slow things down, and she reads withheld information and dragging feet as signs of exactly that. When the resistance outweighs what a project can overcome, she takes it as a cue to redirect her energy elsewhere. Brittany is also reassuring about the fear underneath that resistance. AI, she insists, belongs in the second chair, not the first. It will suggest a course confidently and sometimes be confidently wrong, which is why a human must stay accountable for every decision, approval, and exception. The real risk she sees is not the technology but the person who trusts it more than their own judgment and waves work through without reading it. When colleagues feel exposed, she reframes the change as something that lets them handle more, not something that erases their value. Asked how she balances speed with thoroughness, Brittany describes a patient crawl, walk, run approach, one bite of the elephant at a time. Her team automates a single painful workflow first, works to earn a positive reaction to it, and only then scales to the next phase. Adoption cannot be forced, she stresses; a technically flawless project still fails if people push back. It is a fitting throughline for someone who counts standardizing her own role until she was replaceable as a point of pride, then carrying the same playbook somewhere new. Throughout, Jamie keeps the spotlight on Brittany and the human ingredients that decide whether AI succeeds, which reach well beyond prompt engineering. To learn more about Brittany’s work, visit NFI Industries at nfiindustries.com and connect with her on LinkedIn.

In this episode of People Solve Problems, host Jamie Flinchbaugh speaks with Maureen (Moe) Rinkunas, Director of Insights Membership at Rock Health Advisory. Moe brings over 20 years of experience spanning corporate innovation, venture studios, and advisory leadership at organizations including DuPont, Accenture, Dreamit Ventures, and Redesign Health. Moe opens the conversation by sharing her fundamental belief that everyone possesses problem-solving capabilities, shaped by evolution itself. However, she emphasizes that people bring different strengths to the table. When working with teams, she takes time to understand individual styles and leverages them strategically throughout the innovation process. Moe explains how naturally optimistic team members excel at generating ideas and maintaining energy during brainstorming sessions, while more skeptical individuals prove invaluable when narrowing options and making final decisions. By understanding these diverse strengths, she creates environments where different personalities contribute at the right moments. The conversation shifts to collaboration and the messy nature of innovation work. Moe stresses that psychological safety forms the foundation of effective problem-solving. She explains that trust must be built over time, creating a reserve that teams can draw upon when facing uncomfortable challenges. She shares a powerful example from her time at DuPont, where leaders instituted a "Dead Project Day" on the Day of the Dead, encouraging people at all levels to share their failures. Initially met with skepticism, this practice became an annual tradition that normalized risk-taking and built lasting trust within the organization. When discussing innovation leadership, Moe introduces the concept of leaders as snowplows. She describes how innovation leaders must clear paths for their teams by navigating organizational politics, communicating effectively with senior leadership, and helping others understand that innovative projects require different metrics and timelines than traditional initiatives. This protective role helps create safe spaces where teams can do their best work, even when external pressures threaten psychological safety. Moe advocates strongly for test-and-learn approaches in innovation work. She emphasizes developing minimal viable solutions paired with "what must be true" statements that guide testing priorities. Her teams create learning plans with clear testing commitments, specific metrics, and defined timeframes. Moe suggests framing decisions around manageable increments, asking what information teams need to decide whether to continue, pivot, or stop after six weeks rather than demanding absolute certainty. This approach makes testing feel achievable and keeps teams moving forward with practical confidence. Looking at healthcare innovation specifically, Moe identifies significant opportunities in an industry facing mounting pressures around staffing shortages and affordability challenges. She notes that while many innovators develop point solutions addressing specific problems, the real opportunity lies in creating connections between these innovations. She encourages entrepreneurs to think about integrated, holistic healthcare experiences that reflect how people actually live with and experience their health. Throughout the conversation, Moe demonstrates how thoughtful attention to team dynamics, psychological safety, and structured learning processes enables innovation work to flourish. Her insights offer practical guidance for anyone leading creative problem-solving efforts in complex organizational environments. To learn more about Moe's work, visit Rock Health Advisory at https://rockhealth.com/advisory/ or connect with her on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/mwrinkunas/.

Jim Benson joined host Jamie Flinchbaugh on People Solve Problems to discuss his approach to collaboration and visual management as the foundation for successful Lean and Agile implementations. As Inquisitor at Modus Institute and creator of Personal Kanban, Jim brings a unique perspective on how organizations can remove workplace toxicity while dramatically improving effectiveness. Jim defines collaboration simply yet powerfully: two or more people working toward a common goal with systems in place that allow everyone to act with confidence. This definition cuts through the confusion often created when collaboration gets mixed up with consensus-building or other diluted interpretations. The key insight Jim shared is that confidence drives everything in business, just as consumer confidence drives the free market economy. Jim illustrated this concept through the story of a young procurement agent at Turner Construction who was responsible for purchasing everything from structural steel to toilet paper for a billion-dollar construction project in New York. Initially working from spreadsheets, he had to justify every decision to three levels of management, creating a cycle of criticism and second-guessing that undermined his confidence. When Jim helped implement an obeya with visual controls, everything changed. He could display his work transparently, allowing managers to see when projects were on track, in trouble but manageable, or requiring their expertise. The transformation was remarkable. Instead of commenting on everything he did, managers could now apply their expertise strategically when needed. He could act with confidence, knowing that everyone had visibility into his work and could provide help when necessary rather than criticism after the fact. Jim emphasized that this visual management approach removes toxicity from the workplace by creating clarity around roles, responsibilities, and when intervention is needed. Jim challenged the current trend of CEOs instituting longer work weeks while people are already working at 300% capacity, but only 25% effectiveness. He argued that most knowledge workers are operating far beyond sustainable levels, and the solution isn't more hours but better systems. By creating a better understanding of what people can handle and properly defining work upfront, organizations can increase effective throughput by 200-300% while making work easier and more enjoyable. The conversation touched on problem-solving approaches, where Jim distinguished between everyday operational issues and strategic thinking opportunities. He noted that most bottlenecks in modern business are actually collaborative opportunities that get addressed through non-collaborative means like new software or individual assignments. Instead, these issues often stem from information flowing between people in the wrong formats, which can be fixed simply by understanding what each person in the value stream actually needs. Jim offered a provocative alternative to traditional strategic planning, where leadership teams retreat to develop strategy in isolation. He suggested that companies have exponential strategic value equal to the number of employees raised to the power of the number of employees. Rather than excluding people from strategic planning, Jim advocates for involving everyone in developing strategies, tactics, and measures collaboratively. When people understand how their daily tasks connect to broader strategic goals, achieving corporate objectives becomes much easier. The underlying theme throughout Jim's insights is that most workplace dysfunction stems from people wanting to contribute meaningfully but lacking the systems and clarity to do so effectively. By implementing visual management and collaborative approaches, organizations can tap into this existing motivation while removing the barriers that create frustration and inefficiency. Jim’s work can be explored further at modusinstitute.com, and he can be found on LinkedIn at linkedin.com/in/jimbenson.

Nelson Repenning and Don Kieffer joined host Jamie Flinchbaugh to discuss their collaborative book "There's Got to Be a Better Way" and their approach to dynamic work design. Nelson Repenning is the School of Management Distinguished Professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management, while Don Kieffer is a senior lecturer in operations management at MIT Sloan and founder of ShiftGear Work Design. Their partnership represents a unique blend of academic rigor and practical factory floor experience spanning nearly three decades. The conversation began with personal connections, as Jamie noted his long history working with Don during transformation efforts at companies like Harley-Davidson, and his experience as one of Nelson's first students in systems dynamics at MIT. Don shared how Jamie helped translate complex manufacturing concepts into accessible language during their work at Harley-Davidson. The guests explained how their five core principles evolved through years of teaching and practical application. Nelson compared their development process to a stand-up comedian perfecting their act, starting with rough material and refining it through constant testing. The five principles they developed are: solve the right problem, structure for discovery, connect the human chain, regulate for flow, and visualize the work. When discussing the challenge of solving the right problem, Nelson referenced Daniel Kahneman's work on conscious versus automatic thinking. He explained how people often revert to automatic processing under pressure, making structured problem-solving methods essential. Don emphasized how experienced problem solvers can jump to solutions too quickly, bypassing the crucial step of properly defining the problem. The principle of structuring for discovery addresses why organizations should welcome more visible problems rather than hiding them. Don explained that problems reveal weaknesses in systems and create opportunities for innovation and stability. Nelson added that instead of helping people understand complex environments, they focus on structuring environments to be cleaner and more manageable. Regarding connecting the human chain, Nelson emphasized that humans excel at processing uncertainty and ambiguity, particularly in face-to-face communication. He criticized how many organizations use long PowerPoint meetings for information sharing while handling uncertainty through digital messages. Don illustrated this with the frustration of call center scripts that cannot handle unique problems, explaining their concept of "huddles" versus "handoffs" in work design. The discussion of visualizing work highlighted the particular challenges of knowledge work. Don explained that unlike manufacturing, where broken equipment is obvious, knowledge work problems remain hidden. People can be continuously interrupted and overloaded without visible signs. Nelson shared a striking example from Harley-Davidson where the average time to solve problems equaled the months remaining until product launch, regardless of when problems were discovered. Don noted that while executives can easily draw organizational charts, they struggle to map how work actually flows through their organizations. The guests emphasized that simple visualization techniques can yield enormous gains in knowledge work because the dysfunction costs are typically hidden and accepted as normal. Throughout the conversation, both guests stressed the importance of leaders staying connected to actual work rather than remaining distant from operational realities. They advocate for methods that make work visible and create structures that support both stability and continuous innovation. For more information about Nelson Repenning and Don Kieffer's work, visit ShiftGear.com  Find their book "There's Got to Be a Better Way" Nelson can be found on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/nelson-repenning/

In this episode of People Solve Problems, host Jamie Flinchbaugh welcomes Dr. Greg Jacobson, CEO and Co-founder of KaiNexus, for an insightful conversation about the intersection of medical training, psychological safety, and continuous improvement culture. Greg's journey into the world of Lean and Kaizen began in 2004 when his department chairman handed him Masaaki Imai's book "Kaizen" and said, "You think like this." As an emergency medicine doctor, Greg was immediately struck by the realization that there was an entire discipline focused on improving systems. He recognized that healthcare had so many operational inefficiencies that applying these principles in the emergency department could yield tremendous results through solving basic problems and capturing low-hanging fruit. The conversation explores how Greg's medical background both helps and hinders systematic thinking about business problems. He explains that physicians are trained with a scientific mindset where every patient encounter resembles an experiment - gathering evidence, forming hypotheses, running tests, and evaluating outcomes. This mirrors the problem-solving methodology used in Lean thinking, making the transition natural for some medical professionals. However, the competitive nature required to succeed in medical school and residency can create fixed mindsets and reduce curiosity, as many doctors become accustomed to being the "alpha dog" who always has the right answers. A significant portion of the discussion focuses on psychological safety and its critical role in enabling improvement. Greg defines psychological safety as "being rewarded for being vulnerable" - whether that's admitting you don't know something, raising concerns about broken processes, or challenging existing systems. Through his experience working in emergency departments across the United States and even New Zealand, he observed that departments where people felt safe to speak up consistently had better outcomes than those where the culture encouraged keeping quiet and just getting the job done. Jamie and Greg explore how technology systems can actually enhance psychological safety by creating a buffer between individuals and problems. When issues are logged in a system rather than raised face-to-face, it shifts the dynamic from personal confrontation to collaborative problem-solving. The issue becomes the common enemy that everyone works together to address, rather than a source of interpersonal tension. Greg notes that rather than reducing human interaction, electronic systems actually increase communication by creating visibility and fostering engagement around improvement opportunities. The conversation turns to habit science and its application to continuous improvement culture. Greg credits reading "The Power of Habit" by Charles Duhigg, "Atomic Habits" by James Clear, and "Tiny Habits" by BJ Fogg with transforming both his personal life and his understanding of organizational change. He explains how KaiNexus applies the habit loop concept - cue, routine, reward - to create interconnected behaviors across different organizational levels. The routine of one person becomes the trigger for another person's habit, creating a web of positive behaviors that sustain improvement culture. When asked about his personal habit transformation, Greg shares how he moved from being an inconsistent squash player who would "demolish his body" once or twice a week to someone who exercises daily. After tearing his ACL in his forties, he used habit science principles to change his identity and create sustainable physical activity routines. Throughout the discussion, Greg emphasizes that KaiNexus is fundamentally about the human transformation that technology enables, not the technology itself. The platform's value comes from people interacting with it in specific ways that foster continuous improvement behaviors across the organization. For more information about Greg's work, visit kainexus.com or connect with him on LinkedIn.

Laurie Harbour, Partner at Wipfli LLP, joined Jamie Flinchbaugh on the People Solve Problems podcast to discuss leadership's critical role in integrating the next generation of manufacturing talent. Laurie, author of Tradition Meets Transformation, brings over 35 years of manufacturing experience helping companies improve efficiency and profitability. Laurie explained that American manufacturing faces a significant generational gap. During the 1990s and early 2000s, parents encouraged their children to pursue four-year degrees rather than manufacturing careers, creating a shortage of workers in the 35-45 age range. This gap widened after the Great Recession further diminished interest in manufacturing careers. The result is an aging manufacturing workforce alongside a gradual influx of younger talent with different skillsets. This talent gap has created serious consequences. Laurie noted that many companies relocated manufacturing to lower-cost regions worldwide partly due to domestic worker shortages. When COVID increased manufacturing demand in North America, companies struggled to find qualified workers, often hiring undertrained temporary labor that negatively impacted quality, delivery, and safety metrics. Many manufacturers now experience 30-40% turnover rates because they fail to engage and retain younger workers. The new generation brings valuable technology skills to manufacturing, Laurie emphasized. Young workers excel at using tools like Excel, programming languages, and Power BI to analyze data effectively. Their efficiency with technology often exceeds that of experienced workers, and they naturally identify process inefficiencies that veterans might overlook. However, they lack the manufacturing process knowledge that experienced workers possess. Laurie advised that successful manufacturers create environments where generations collaborate rather than compete. Some older leaders mistakenly believe younger workers need decades of experience before making meaningful contributions. The best companies instead form cross-generational teams where experienced workers share tribal knowledge while younger staff contribute technological insights. This engagement reduces turnover, as younger workers particularly want to feel their contributions matter. For senior leaders approaching retirement, Laurie recommended embracing transformation rather than coasting on experience. She shared examples of companies that thrived after promoting younger leaders with proper support structures like advisory boards and mentorship programs. For younger manufacturing professionals, Laurie stressed the importance of humility. She observed that successful young leaders recognize they don't need to be the smartest person in the room but must facilitate dialogue and ask good questions. The most effective emerging leaders actively seek mentorship and embrace being uncomfortable as they grow. Laurie remains passionate about revitalizing manufacturing's image, particularly among women who represent 50% of the potential workforce. She's dedicated to educating school counselors and others who might discourage manufacturing careers despite their excellent compensation and technological sophistication. Learn more about Laurie Harbour's work at www.wipfli.com or connect with her on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/laurie-harbour-264a253/.