The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast

In this episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Laura Hernandez from the University of Wisconsin-Madison explains why low calcium after calving is not always a problem. She discusses transient hypocalcemia, dyscalcemia, feed intake, mammary calcium demand, and why timing matters when deciding whether a fresh cow needs intervention. Listen now on all major platforms!"Calcium regulation during the transition period requires distinguishing temporary physiological adaptation from prolonged disruption that affects health and productivity outcomes."Meet the guest: Dr. Laura Hernandez is Professor of Lactation Biology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research focuses on mammary gland biology, calcium homeostasis, and the transition from pregnancy to lactation in dairy cattle. Learn more from Dr. Laura Hernandez on The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, available on all major platforms.Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love!What you will learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:07) Introduction(01:51) Calcium patterns(04:37) Cow classifications(05:46) Mammary demand(06:42) Diagnostic markers(08:15) Feed intake(10:15) Closing thoughtsThe Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast is trusted and supported by the innovative companies like:* inBarn𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺.Website: The Dairy Health Blackbelt PodcastInstagram: The Dairy Health Blackbelt PodcastLinkedIn: The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast

In this episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Ermias Kebreab, Professor at the University of California, Davis, explains science based strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions in dairy systems. He discusses feed additives, genetic selection, and productivity improvements, while addressing common misconceptions about livestock emissions and environmental impact. Practical insights highlight both short and long term solutions for sustainable dairy production. Listen now on all major platforms! "Genetic selection offers cumulative benefits by producing animals that naturally emit less methane without requiring continuous intervention or daily management adjustments in production systems." Meet the guest: Dr. Ermias Kebreab https://www.linkedin.com/in/ermias-kebreab-dsc-74108a25/ is Professor and Sesnon Endowed Chair in Sustainable Animal Agriculture at the University of California, Davis, and Associate Dean for Global Engagement. His work focuses on methane mitigation, nutrition modeling, and climate smart livestock systems, supporting global dairy sustainability and productivity. Learn more about methane mitigation strategies with Dr. Ermias Kebreab on The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, available on all major platforms. Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love! https://www.wisenetix.com/dairyhealthblackbelt What you will learn: (00:00) Highlight (00:54) Introduction (01:52) Methane mitigation strategies (02:48) Feed additives (05:24) Long-term data (07:24) Genetic selection (10:54) Misconceptions (13:20) Closing thoughts The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast is trusted and supported by the innovative companies like: * inBarn (https://inbarn.com/) 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺. Website: https://dairyhealthblackbelt.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dairycampus/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/dairycampus/

In this episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Joshua Brooke from inBarn Solutions explains how automated barn management systems can improve cow comfort, reduce heat stress, and lower water and energy usage in dairy operations. He discusses AI-powered monitoring, smart soaking systems, fan efficiency, and practical strategies that support sustainability and stronger dairy profitability. Listen now on all major platforms! "It’s about sustainability and helping the bottom line through lower energy usage, reduced water consumption, and better operational decisions across dairy barn management systems." Meet the guest: Joshua Brooke https://www.linkedin.com/in/joshua-brooke-49446773/ is the North American Sales Manager at inBarn Solutions, where he leads efforts helping dairies improve cow comfort, welfare, production, and operational efficiency. With experience in dairy equipment, barn systems, and automated management technologies, Joshua focuses on practical solutions that support sustainability and stronger dairy performance. Listen to Joshua Brooke on The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, available on all major platforms! Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love! https://www.wisenetix.com/dairyhealthblackbelt What you will learn: (00:00) Highlight (01:10) Introduction (02:32) Cow comfort insights (04:40) Water saving systems (06:47) AI barn monitoring (09:10) Sustainability benefits (10:14) Energy efficiency (11:17) Closing thoughts The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast is trusted and supported by the innovative companies like: * inBarn (https://inbarn.com/) 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺. Website: https://dairyhealthblackbelt.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dairycampus/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/dairycampus/

In this episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Jody Kull, Assistant Teaching Professor at Penn State University, explains how dairy farms can use protocols, employee training, and the FARM program as a practical tool for risk abatement. She discusses calf care, transition cow management, team communication, and the value of keeping protocols up to date. Listen now on all major platforms! “Protocols need to become fluid documents that are constantly monitored and adjusted with real farm observations.” Meet the guest: Dr. Jody Kull https://www.linkedin.com/in/jody-kull-dvm/ is an Assistant Teaching Professor in the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences at Penn State University. She is a veterinarian and owner of Valley Veterinary & Consulting LLC, with experience in dairy practice, producer education, rural medicine, and community outreach. Learn more from Dr. Jody Kull on The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, available on all major platforms. Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love! https://www.wisenetix.com/dairyhealthblackbelt What you will learn: (00:00) Highlight (01:03) Introduction (02:10) FARM program (03:26) Calf care consistency (04:36) Protocols importance (05:53) Writing protocols (07:43) Team communication (09:26) Closing thoughts The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast is trusted and supported by the innovative companies like: * inBarn (https://inbarn.com/) 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺. Website: https://dairyhealthblackbelt.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dairycampus/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/dairycampus/

In this episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Stephen Wadsworth, dairy veterinarian and lecturer at the University of Vermont, explains how experiential learning through student-managed herds builds practical skills in dairy health and management. He highlights hands-on training, accountability for decision-making, and workforce development for future veterinarians. Discover how real farm experience strengthens technical expertise and industry readiness. Listen now on all major platforms! "Managing a small dairy herd allows a detailed understanding of individual animal biology, which can later be scaled to larger operations with stronger confidence and technical accuracy." Meet the guest: Dr. Stephen Wadsworth is a dairy veterinarian and lecturer at the University of Vermont, specializing in dairy health management, reproduction, and animal welfare. With over four decades of field experience, his work focuses on experiential learning through student-managed herds and workforce development in dairy veterinary medicine. Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love! https://www.wisenetix.com/dairyhealthblackbelt What you will learn: (00:00) Highlight (00:50) Introduction (01:52) Student herd (03:15) Small herd value (04:59) Hands-on learning (06:02) Student transformation (07:52) Work ethic (12:12) Closing thoughts The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast is trusted and supported by the innovative companies like: * inBarn (https://inbarn.com/) 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺. Website: https://dairyhealthblackbelt.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dairycampus/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/dairycampus/

In this episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Bridger Sparks, PhD candidate at Texas Tech University, explains how adipose tissue innervation influences lipid mobilization and metabolic health in dairy cows. He discusses parity effects, catecholamine regulation, and links to ketosis and transition disorders. Bridger highlights future strategies for breeding and biomarker development. Listen now on all major platforms! "Excessive lipid mobilization creates significant metabolic stress, increasing the likelihood of disorders that impact productivity, reproduction, and overall efficiency within modern dairy systems." Meet the guest: Bridger Sparks https://www.linkedin.com/in/bsparks4/ is a PhD candidate in Animal Science at Texas Tech University, focusing on how adipose tissue innervation affects metabolic health in dairy cows. His work integrates neurobiology and physiology to study transition period challenges, with publications in the Journal of Dairy Science and recognition from ADSA. Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love! https://www.wisenetix.com/dairyhealthblackbelt What you will learn: (00:00) Highlight (00:56) Introduction (01:51) Research motivation (02:31) Lipolysis control (03:59) Why it matters (05:00) Parity effects (06:01) Enzyme pathways (10:45) Closing thoughts 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺. Website: https://dairyhealthblackbelt.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dairycampus/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/dairycampus/

In this part one episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Amanda Fischer-Tlustos, NSERC postdoctoral research fellow at UC Davis and the University of Guelph, explains how colostrum is produced and what drives its composition. She shares new findings on IgG accumulation, macronutrient synthesis, mammary activity during the dry period, and management factors influencing colostrum quality. Discover practical insights to improve dairy health outcomes. Listen now on all major platforms! “Higher milk yield at dry off was linked to greater mammary activity during the dry period and poorer colostrum outcomes.” Meet the guest: Dr. Amanda Fischer-Tlustos https://www.linkedin.com/in/amanda-fischer-tlustos-21203932a/ is an NSERC postdoctoral research fellow at UC Davis and the University of Guelph, specializing in whole body and mammary metabolism. She completed her MSc at the University of Alberta, studying colostrum management, and her PhD at the University of Guelph, focusing on maternal and mammary factors affecting colostrum production and composition. Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love! https://www.wisenetix.com/dairyhealthblackbelt What you will learn: (00:00) Highlight (00:39) Introduction (01:39) Colostrum synthesis timeline (03:50) IgG accumulation patterns (05:44) Mammary activity effects (07:09) High-producing cows (07:43) Dry off practices (08:33) Closing thoughts 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺. Website: https://dairyhealthblackbelt.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dairycampus/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/dairycampus/

In this episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Herman Barkema, Professor of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases at the University of Calgary, explains why reducing antimicrobial use on dairy farms is both practical and necessary. He discusses mastitis prevention, dry-cow management, biosecurity, and antimicrobial resistance from a herd-health perspective. Listen now on all major platforms! “Every infection that does not occur does not have to be treated, and antimicrobial stewardship is actually biosecurity and prevention of transmission in the herd.” Meet the guest: Dr. Herman Barkema https://www.linkedin.com/in/herman-barkema-03315413/ is a Professor of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases at the University of Calgary, with joint appointments in veterinary medicine and community health sciences. His work focuses on disease prevention, mastitis control, and antimicrobial resistance in dairy cattle systems. He leads national and international One Health initiatives and has published extensively on dairy herd health. Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love! https://www.wisenetix.com/dairyhealthblackbelt What you will learn: (00:00) Highlight (00:35) Introduction (01:51) Reducing antibiotics (02:51) Resistance risks (04:22) Dry cow strategy (06:29) Prevention focus (07:41) Producer concerns (10:22) Final Questions 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺. Website: https://dairyhealthblackbelt.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dairycampus/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/dairycampus/

In this episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Tasia Kendrick, Associate Professor at Michigan State University, explains why bovine leukemia virus remains a major but often overlooked challenge in US dairy herds. She outlines prevalence levels, transmission routes, impacts on immunity and longevity, and practical management strategies to reduce spread. Dr. Kendrick highlights proactive approaches that protect animal welfare and herd performance. Listen now on all major platforms! “Animals with bovine leukemia virus often show reduced milk production, shorter herd life, and weaker immune responses that affect overall dairy herd performance.” Meet the guest: Dr. Tasia Kendrick https://www.linkedin.com/in/taxis/ is an Associate Professor in the Department of Animal Science at Michigan State University. Trained as a geneticist, her research focuses on bovine leukemia virus prevalence, transmission, and management in dairy and beef herds, alongside innovative diagnostic approaches. Her work supports evidence-based decision-making to improve dairy health and longevity. Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love! https://www.wisenetix.com/dairyhealthblackbelt What you will learn: (00:00) Highlight (00:40) Introduction (01:53) Health impacts (02:52) Herd prevalence (04:40) Transmission routes (07:21) Research updates (08:03) Diagnostics advances (09:46) Final Questions 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺. Website: https://dairyhealthblackbelt.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dairycampus/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/dairycampus/

In this episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Sabine Mann, Associate Professor at Cornell University, explains how colostrum volume influences passive immunity, digestion, and calf comfort. She discusses body weight-based feeding strategies, absorption efficiency, and behavioral responses linked to excessive volumes. Practical insights help refine colostrum programs for modern dairy systems. Strengthen your evidence-based colostrum management decisions for calves. Listen now on all major platforms! “Calves range in size and weight, and that variation raises important questions about whether one standard colostrum volume fits every newborn calf.” Meet the guest: Dr. Sabine Mann is an Associate Professor of Ambulatory and Production Medicine at Cornell University. Her research focuses on the intersection of metabolism, nutrition, and immunology, with emphasis on transition cows and newborn calf resilience. Her work connects physiology with practical dairy health decisions. Click here to read the full research article: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-27228 Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love! https://www.wisenetix.com/dairyhealthblackbelt What you will learn: (00:00) Highlight (00:42) Introduction (01:52) Colostrum questions (03:08) Body weight feeding (05:04) Absorption physiology (07:05) Volume responses (09:00) Calf behavior (10:44) Final Questions 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺. Website: https://dairyhealthblackbelt.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dairycampus/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/dairycampus/

In this episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Osvaldo Pascottini from University College Dublin shares his ongoing research on alternative approaches to supporting uterine health and fertility in dairy cows. He explains how studying the microbiome, metabolic pathways, and host interactions can help identify new ways to maintain reproductive efficiency after calving. Listen now on all major platforms! "We’re focusing on unraveling the composition of the healthy uterine microbiome in cows that get pregnant at first insemination." Meet the guest: Dr. Osvaldo Pascottini https://www.linkedin.com/in/osvaldo-bogado-pascottini-b869307a/?originalSubdomain=ie serves as an Astra Assistant Professor at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin. His research focuses on inflammation, immune response, and the role of the microbiome in uterine health and fertility of dairy cows. He is currently studying microbiome-based strategies that may complement traditional treatments. Click here to learn more: https://www.scielo.br/j/ar/a/B7SKBMnc4mthpfktCFbVPMC/?lang=en Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love! https://www.wisenetix.com/dairyhealthblackbelt What you will learn: (00:00) Highlight (00:39) Introduction (01:55) Uterine diseases focus (03:23) Microbiome composition (07:19) Multi-omics approach (08:39) Microbiome project (09:52) Antibiotic considerations (11:50) Closing thoughts 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺. Website: https://dairyhealthblackbelt.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dairycampus/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/dairycampus/

In this episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Christine Baes from the University of Guelph explores how genomic innovation is transforming dairy cattle breeding. She discusses the Resilient Dairy Genome and Net-Zero Dairy Genome Projects, highlighting new genetic traits improving efficiency, animal health, and environmental sustainability. Listen now on all major platforms! "We’re using genomic tools to identify animals that are naturally more resilient, so farmers can breed cows that stay healthy and productive." Meet the guest: Dr. Christine Baes https://www.linkedin.com/in/christine-baes/?originalSubdomain=ca is a quantitative geneticist and the Canada Research Chair in Livestock Genomics at the University of Guelph, where she also serves as Acting Associate Dean of External Relations at the Ontario Agricultural College. Her work focuses on genetic strategies that improve sustainability, animal health, and production efficiency. Click here to learn more: The Resilient Dairy Genome Project—A general overview of methods and objectives related to feed efficiency and methane emissions - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223006173 Review: Opportunities and challenges for the genetic selection of dairy calf disease traits - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731124000727 Estimation of genetic parameters and genome-wide association study for enzootic bovine leukosis resistance in Canadian Holstein cattle - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030224011639 Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love! https://www.wisenetix.com/dairyhealthblackbelt What you will learn: (00:00) Highlight (00:47) Introduction (02:23) Genomic resilience (04:31) Resilient cow (06:23) Feed efficiency traits (08:59) Excitement for dairy’s future (10:17) Industry collaboration (12:11) Closing thoughts 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺. Website: https://dairyhealthblackbelt.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dairycampus/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/dairycampus/

In this episode of The Dairy Health Blackbelt Podcast, Dr. Ronaldo Cerri from the University of British Columbia discusses how dairy cow health plays a key role in reproductive performance. He breaks down how metabolic stress and health challenges can impact fertility and shares how data-driven management can make a difference. Learn practical ways to improve herd reproduction through smarter health monitoring and sustainable strategies. Listen now on all major platforms! "The idea that reproduction has improved overall is true, but the next frontier for continued progress is in cow health." Meet the guest: Dr. Ronaldo Luis Aoki Cerri https://www.linkedin.com/in/ronaldo-cerri-78537026/ is a Professor of Animal Reproduction at the University of British Columbia, where he leads research in the Applied Biology Program. He earned his DVM in Brazil and completed his M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Animal Biology at the University of California, Davis, followed by a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Florida. His work focuses on improving reproductive efficiency in dairy and beef cattle by linking health, inflammation, and fertility. Liked this one? Don’t stop now — Here’s what we think you’ll love! https://www.wisenetix.com/dairyhealthblackbelt What you will learn: (00:00) Highlight (01:03) Introduction (02:43) Health and reproduction (04:45) Data-driven fertility (07:17) Sensor-based monitoring (09:39) Pregnancy loss factors (11:44) Reproduction efficiency (13:13) Closing thoughts 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝗱𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗺𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺. Website: https://dairyhealthblackbelt.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dairycampus/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/dairycampus/