Tucker Goodrich: Debugging Life

Introduction We are honorored to be joined by Prof. A. J. Hulbert, noted zoologist and author of Omega Balance: Nutritional Power for a Happier, Healthier Life. "In Omega Balance, noted scientist Anthony J. Hulbert explains how the balance between [Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids] in the human food chain has changed over the last half-century and the very serious negative health impacts this imbalance has created. An imbalance of these omega fats contributes to increased rates of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, allergies, asthma, as well as cancer and a variety of other inflammatory diseases. Omega balance is also important for normal brain function, and an imbalance in these fatty acids is associated with depression, mood disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Hulbert provides extensive information on the omega balance of different foods and discusses fascinating details about human evolution, dietary changes throughout history, the effect of diet on human development and physiological processes, and more. He investigates the paleo diet of our ancestors and describes the dramatic changes that have accompanied the increased ultra-processing of modern foods. Omega Balance is an essential guide to understanding a significant problem in our modern food chain and will make us rethink the food we eat. https://press.jhu.edu/books/title/12823/omega-balance Amazon link to benefit this podcast: https://amzn.to/49JHXFo This book won a "Best Book" award from the American Book Fest in the category "Health: Diet and Exercise". https://www.americanbookfest.com/2023bbafullresults.html Guest info I was introduced to Prof. Hulbert by Prof. Tom Brenna, our guest in Ep. 5: Prof. Tom Brenna, Omega-3 and Omega-6 in Human Health. Biography: "Anthony John Hulbert (UNSW, AUS), PhD, DSc, is an internationally renowned researcher on metabolism, longevity, and nutrition. He is emeritus professor in Science, Medicine, and Health at the University of Wollongong, Australia." https://press.jhu.edu/books/title/12823/omega-balance#book__authors _______________________________________ Co-host Co-host Dr. Brian Kerley https://www.seedoilrebellion.com/ https://twitter.com/SeedOilDsrspctr Looking to fix your diet by getting rid of seed oils? Check out the Seedy app! https://www.seedyapp.com/ Tucker Goodrich Substack: https://tuckergoodrich.substack.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/TuckerGoodrich Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/tuckergoodrich0 Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/tucker-goodrich-podcast/id1617481825 Spotify podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/7wVZ3TnRjGsa1cP2gzWY0y Podcast: https://sites.libsyn.com/408758 Blog (deprecated, but still a lot there!): http://yelling-stop.blogspot.com/ _______________________________________ Show Notes In order of discussion. Borchman, D., Stimmelmayr, R., & George, J. C. (2017). Whales, Lifespan, Phospholipids, and Cataracts. Journal of Lipid Research, 58(12), 2289–2298. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M079368 Hulbert, A. J., & Else, P. L. (1999). Membranes as Possible Pacemakers of Metabolism. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 199(3), 257–274. https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1999.0955 Abbott, S. K., Else, P. L., Atkins, T. A., & Hulbert, A. J. (2012). Fatty Acid Composition of Membrane Bilayers: Importance of Diet Polyunsaturated Fat Balance. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, 1818(5), 1309–1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.01.011 McCollum, E. V. (1919). The Newer Knowledge of Nutrition. Macmillan Company. https://ia801302.us.archive.org/28/items/cu31924104225937/cu31924104225937.pdf Speakman, J. R., De Jong, J. M. A., Sinha, S., Westerterp, K. R., Yamada, Y., Sagayama, H., Ainslie, P. N., Anderson, L. J., Arab, L., Bedu-Addo, K., Blanc, S., Bonomi, A. G., Bovet, P., Brage, S., Buchowski, M. S., Butte, N. F., Camps, S. G. J. A., Cooper, J. A., Cooper, R., … Wong, W. W. (2023). Total Daily Energy Expenditure Has Declined Over the Past Three Decades Due to Declining Basal Expenditure, Not Reduced Activity Expenditure. Nature Metabolism, 5(4), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-023-00782-2 Allport, S. (2010, November). One Person's Response to a High Omega-6 Diet [Magazine]. American Oil Chemists' Society. https://www.aocs.org/stay-informed/inform-magazine/featured-articles/one-persons-response-to-a-high-omega-6-diet-november-2010?SSO=True If you have any questions about sources for things discussed please ask in the comments.

Introduction Brian and I are honored to be joined by the illustrious Chef Andrew Gruel. He tells us the story of how he got into cooking, how he had to learn to cook again after discovering that his academic chef training left out natural fats, and the impact using proper fats has had on his health, the health of his staff, and his customers in his latest restaurant venture. We also have an extensive and very interesting discussion on fish, fish farming, and the health benefits of eating fish. Guest info Web: www.chefgruel.com (It throws a security error…) X: https://twitter.com/ChefGruel Substack: "The Food Porn Master"! https://substack.com/@andrewgruel Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/andrewgruel/ Calico Fish House: https://calico-restaurant.com/ Biography: "Andrew Gruel, a graduate of Johnson & Wales University, is a food entrepreneur and television personality – he is the Founder of Slapfish Restaurant Group (27 locations), the award-winning food truck turned international brick and mortar, based out of Huntington Beach, CA and currently CEO and founder of American Gravy Restaurant Group which comprises Calico Fishhouse, Big Parm Pizza, Two Birds Chicken, Butterleaf, Lolo's Tacos and 101 Burger. "Andrew has appeared on multiple television series including his most recent role as a judge on Food Network's "Chopped Junior" with Megan Markle. He was the Host of FYI Series "Say It To My Face", as well as a judge on Food Network's "Food Truck Face Off." He has made appearances on the TODAY show, Fox News, CNN, NBC Nightly News, PBS, Cooking Channel, and has been featured in numerous publications including The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Men's Health, Food & Wine magazine, USA Today, Entrepreneur and Nation's Restaurant News. He was named Top 25 Business Executives for Fast Casual magazine as well as featured in Nation's Restaurant News' 2017 Power List. In 2013 he was named top 40 under 40 entrepreneurs in Orange County. He and his wife Lauren Gruel were named Pandemic Heroes by Restaurant Business Magazine alongside Guy Fieri and Jose Andres. He is currently the Co-Host of The SoCal Restaurant Show on AM 830 and a regular contributor on various national news channels." http://www.chefgruel.com/index.php/about-us.html _______________________________________ Co-host Dr. Brian Kerley https://www.seedoilrebellion.com/ https://twitter.com/SeedOilDsrspctr Looking to fix your diet by getting rid of seed oils? Check out the Seedy app! https://www.seedyapp.com/ Tucker Goodrich Substack: https://tuckergoodrich.substack.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/TuckerGoodrich Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/tuckergoodrich0 Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/tucker-goodrich-podcast/id1617481825 Spotify podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/7wVZ3TnRjGsa1cP2gzWY0y Podcast: https://sites.libsyn.com/408758 Blog (deprecated, but still a lot there!): http://yelling-stop.blogspot.com/ _______________________________________ Show Notes Slapfish: https://www.slapfishrestaurant.com/ Nina Planck, "Real Food" https://amzn.to/3OhJBG8 Callico Fish House Restaurant: https://calico-restaurant.com/ Tom Brenna ep. 5: https://tuckergoodrich.substack.com/p/podcast-ep-5-prof-tom-brenna-on-omega Cargill & McDonalds: "Removing Trans Fats from McDonald's® Famous Fries" https://www.cargill.com/history-story/en/HIGH-OLEIC.jsp "Podcast Ep. 0: What VICE Left Out: Bitcoin and Seed Oils—Starting a Podcast" https://yelling-stop.blogspot.com/2022/04/what-vice-left-out-bitcoin-and-seed.html If you have any questions about sources for things discussed please ask in the comments.

We interview Paul Saladino MD about his intellectual journey from being a raw vegan with rotting teeth as a physician's assistant, through becoming the "Carnivore MD", to where he is today. We discuss the training a physician receives in medical school about nutrition, and how he filled that gap with his own experience and research. And how it impacted his health and his ideas about being a physician. Josh Durham, my personal physician, joins me as co-host today to recount his personal health journey as well and how it changed his practice. (He recently quit his job at a large hospital to go independent!) Paul Saladino, MD: https://www.paulsaladinomd.co/ Dr. Saladino's "The Carnivore Code" book: https://amzn.to/47OCjAt Biography of Paul Saladino: I'm a double board certified MD, host of the Fundamental Health podcast, and author of The Carnivore Code and The Carnivore Code Cookbook. I believe in questioning our assumptions about health and nutrition, which makes me controversial in modern medicine. I'm much more interested in optimal health than in dogmatic adherence to a mainstream narrative. I graduated from medical school at the University of Arizona in Tucson, and completed my residency at the University of Washington in Seattle. After residency, I attained a board certification as a Physician Nutrition Specialist. Throughout my medical training, I came to one very saddening conclusion: our Western medical system isn't helping people lead richer lives. Western medicine fails to treat the root cause of chronic illness, and doctors are only taught to treat symptoms with medications, rather than trying to understand the roots of illness. I firmly believe that nutritional choices lie at the ROOT of so many chronic illnesses that western medicine deems irreversible. And I also believe that most chronic illnesses are preventable AND reversible. https://www.paulsaladinomd.co/about _______________________________________ Co-host Joshua Durham, DO: https://www.drdurham.org/ Looking to fix your diet by getting rid of seed oils? Check out the Seedy app! https://www.seedyapp.com/ Tucker Goodrich Substack: https://tuckergoodrich.substack.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/TuckerGoodrich Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/tuckergoodrich0 Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/tucker-goodrich-podcast/id1617481825 Spotify podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/7wVZ3TnRjGsa1cP2gzWY0y Podcast: https://sites.libsyn.com/408758 Blog (deprecated, but still a lot there!): http://yelling-stop.blogspot.com/ _______________________________________ Show Notes Jordan Petersen on Joe Rogan discussing carnivore diet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLF29w6YqXs Farley Mowat "People of the Deer" book: https://amzn.to/3Uc42bh Amgen: "8 Things to Know About Lipoprotein(a)" https://www.amgen.com/stories/2023/02/8-things-to-know-about-lipoproteina "AMGEN ANNOUNCES POSITIVE TOPLINE PHASE 2 DATA FOR INVESTIGATIONAL OLPASIRAN IN ADULTS WITH ELEVATED LIPOPROTEIN(a)": https://www.amgen.com/newsroom/press-releases/2022/05/amgen-announces-positive-topline-phase-2-data-for-investigational-olpasiran-in-adults-with-elevated-lipoproteina "Seed oils are BS" t-shirt: https://www.bunkerbranding.com/collections/paul-saladino-md-shirts/products/seed-oils-are-bs?variant=42776441782403 If you have any questions about sources for things discussed please ask in the comments.

Dave Feldman and I discuss the what causes heart disease, specifically focusing on the consensus view and how it differs from what the science actually shows. Youtube: https://youtu.be/amwNvHHmy4o Rumble: X: Podcast: Topics: Basic theory of CVD causation: · High ApoB/LDL/Cholesterol · Gradient causes penetration of arterial wall · Cholesterol/lipid oxidation in wall · Progression through stages of atherosclerosis · Blockage/rupture of plaque · Ischemia of blood to heart · Death/morbidity via MI Electro-negative LDL Aggregated LDL TG-rich Lipoproteins Risk and factor models FH mortality—implications for causality ApoB48 Albumin Vasa vasorum 'Atherosclerosis' in veins _______________________________________ Dave Feldman Biography: "I'm a senior software engineer and entrepreneur. "I began a Low Carb, High Fat diet in April 2015 and have since learned everything I could about it with special emphasis on cholesterol given my lipid numbers spiked substantially after going on the diet. As an engineer, I spotted a pattern in the lipid system that's very similar to distributed objects in networks. "I've since learned quite a bit on the subject both through research and experimentation which has revealed some very powerful data. With this new general theory, I've shifted around my cholesterol substantially without any drugs or special supplements of any kind. From: https://cholesterolcode.com/about/ Blog: https://cholesterolcode.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/realDaveFeldman Citizen Science Foundation: Site: https://citizensciencefoundation.org/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/realCSF DONATE: https://citizensciencefoundation.org/donate/ Own Your Labs: https://ownyourlabs.com/ Tucker Goodrich Blog: http://yelling-stop.blogspot.com/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDpWmYeRapRkrZ9zw8M7iFg Podcast: https://sites.libsyn.com/408758 Twitter: https://twitter.com/TuckerGoodrich Looking to fix your diet by getting rid of seed oils? Check out the Seedy app! https://www.seedyapp.com/ _______________________________________ Show Notes Notes See the canine LMHR study: Kronfeld, D. S., Hammel, E. P., Ramberg, C. F., & Dunlap, H. L. (1977). Hematological and metabolic responses to training in racing sled dogs fed diets containing medium, low, or zero carbohydrate. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 30(3), 419–430. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/30.3.419 Lipid-Energy Model Norwitz, N. G., Feldman, D., Soto-Mota, A., Kalayjian, T., & Ludwig, D. S. (2022). Elevated LDL Cholesterol with a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet: Evidence for a "Lean Mass Hyper-Responder" Phenotype. Current Developments in Nutrition, 6(1), nzab144. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab144 Norwitz, N. G., Soto-Mota, A., Kaplan, B., Ludwig, D. S., Budoff, M., Kontush, A., & Feldman, D. (2022). The Lipid Energy Model: Reimagining Lipoprotein Function in the Context of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets. Metabolites, 12(5), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12050460 PubMed for Dave's other papers: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=norwitz+feldman&sort=pubdate Thoracic duct image: Rosenblum, H., Kapur, N. K., Abraham, W. T., Udelson, J., Itkin, M., Uriel, N., Voors, A. A., & Burkhoff, D. (2020). Conceptual Considerations for Device-Based Therapy in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: DRI 2 P 2 S. Circulation: Heart Failure, 13(4), e006731. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006731 Lipoprotein lipase effect on heart: Khan, R. S., Lin, Y., Hu, Y., Son, N.-H., Bharadwaj, K. G., Palacios, C., Chokshi, A., Ji, R., Yu, S., Homma, S., Schulze, P. C., Tian, R., & Goldberg, I. J. (2013). Rescue of Heart Lipoprotein Lipase-Knockout Mice Confirms a Role for Triglyceride in Optimal Heart Metabolism and Function. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 305(11), E1339–E1347. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00349.2013 EAS Consensus: Ference, B. A. et. al. (2017). Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. European Heart Journal, 38(32), 2459–2472. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144 Borén, J. et. al. (2020). Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. European Heart Journal, 41(24), 2313–2330. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz962 FH epidemiology: Sijbrands, E. J. G. et. al. (2001). Mortality over two centuries in large pedigree with familial hypercholesterolaemia: Family tree mortality study. BMJ, 322(7293), 1019–1023. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7293.1019 Is CVD Genetic? Lee, K. T., Nail, R., Sherman, L. A., Milano, M., Lee, K. T., Deden, C., Imai, H., Goodale, F., Nam, S. C., Lee, K. T., Goodale, F., Scott, R. F., Snell, E. S., Lee, K. T., Daoud, A. S., Jarmolych, J., Jakovic, L., & Florentin, R. (1964). Geographic Pathology of Myocardial Infarction: Part I. Myocardial infarction in orientals and whites in the United States; Part II. Myocardial infarction in orientals in Korea and Japan; Part III. Myocardial infarction in Africans in Africa and negroes and whites in the United States; Part IV. Measurement of amount of coronary arteriosclerosis in Africans, Koreans, Japanese and New Yorkers. The American Journal of Cardiology, 13(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(64)90219-X Presentation on Rancidity in Seed Oils AOCS American Oil Chemists' Society (Director). (2021, April 1). Why Does Lipid Oxidation in Foods Continue to be Such a Challenge? [Mp4]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_U_9vvpDWo Mercodia OxLDL Assay Feldman, D. (2019, May 11). The Oxidized LDL Experiment [Informational]. Cholesterol Code. https://cholesterolcode.com/the-oxidized-ldl-experiment/ OxPL/ApoB test: "Oxidized Phospholipids on apoB (OxPL-apoB)" https://bostonheartdiagnostics.com/test/oxpl-apob-c-2/ Q's from X ( https://X.com ): 1. Eric Rodgers @LowCarbEyeDoc ApoB48 2. Shashi Iyengar | Accredited Metabolic Health Coach @shashiiyengar Touch up on palm oil Unprocessed and Refined deodorized one.. 3. The Real Dr. Steven Horvitz @IMWHorvitz The difference between natural omega6 fats vs industrial processed omega6 fats. 4. MEATrition.com 🥩 @MEATritionCom How does adipose %LA track with blood lipids? 5. MEATrition.com 🥩 @MEATritionCom Specific ownyourlabs values to check for before and after removing seed oils from diet. What's hypothesis? 6. TheFa(c)tHunter @DimitriRadoux This might be an interesting one, the relationship of RDW and polyunsaturated fats 😉 7. joe @vintage_worlds A few words on the ideal level of Linoleic acid as measured in rbc? Anyone set out to avoid seed oil while measuring their linoleic acid levels who have shown dramatic reductions by avoiding? 8. Michael J @astro_toaster Fish oil and effects of supplementation on cholesterol? Supplements vs eating actual fish? 🤔 9. Luigi @Bac2us Insulin resistance / consequences

Medicine needs to be fixed: "The New Crisis of Increasing All-Cause Mortality in US Children and Adolescents" · https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2802602 Dr. Tro Kalayjian Dr. Tro's Medical Weight Loss · https://doctortro.com/ Research: · https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ByYma7sAAAAJ Twitter: · https://twitter.com/DoctorTro Dr. Brian Lenzkes Metabolic Health: · San Diego: https://sandiegometabolichealth.com/ · Arizona: https://arizonametabolichealth.com/brian-lenzkes-md/ Twitter: · https://twitter.com/BrianLenzkes Dr. Joshua Durham Twitter: · https://twitter.com/JoshuaD81699641 Dr. Eric Westman · https://ericwestmanmd.com/ New Atkins for a New You: The Ultimate Diet for Shedding Weight and Feeling Great by Eric C. Westman, Stephen D. Phinney, Jeff S. Volek · https://amzn.to/3qd9fzy (this link benefits the podcast!) Philip Ovadia · https://ovadiahearthealth.com/ Alessio Fassano · https://nutrition.hms.harvard.edu/people/alessio-fasano Research: · https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8IxzUn0AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao Whole30 · https://whole30.com/ Virta · https://www.virtahealth.com/ Dr. Tro app · https://apps.apple.com/us/app/doctor-tro/id1588693888 Lenzkes & Kalayjian's podcast: Low-Carb MD Podcast · https://www.lowcarbmd.com/ _______________________________________ Co-host Dr. Brian Kerley https://www.seedoilrebellion.com/ https://twitter.com/SeedOilDsrspctr Looking to fix your diet by getting rid of seed oils? Check out the Seedy app! https://www.seedyapp.com/ Tucker Goodrich Blog: http://yelling-stop.blogspot.com/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDpWmYeRapRkrZ9zw8M7iFg Podcast: https://sites.libsyn.com/408758 Twitter: https://twitter.com/TuckerGoodrich _______________________________________

Human results of a low-linoleic diet with adequate omega-3 on neurodevelopment. The WHO change their guidelines. How to protect against blindness. Why the Dietary Guidelines can't get it right, and where they do. Fish vs fish oil for omega-3 DHA benefits. Fish consumption and mercury, is it a problem? Farmed vs. wild-caught fish. On the essentiality of linoleic acid. Linoleic acid impairs fertility Biography: Tom Brenna, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, UT Austin; https://dellmed.utexas.edu/directory/tom-brenna "Tom Brenna is a professor of pediatrics at Dell Medical School. He moved to Austin after 28 years as a professor of human nutrition, chemistry, chemical biology and food science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. His group's basic research into the chemical, biochemical, metabolic, genetic and ecological aspects of fatty acids have had a decisive influence on modern knowledge of these key nutrients. "Brenna's research couples nutrition and chemistry in a broadly interdisciplinary program. His research group has been funded by institutes and centers at the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Eye Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health) since 1992. Most of the work of the Brenna Lab is translational, tying basic research to biomedicine and human nutrition…." Professor Emeritus, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University. https://www.human.cornell.edu/people/jtb4 _______________________________________ Co-host Dr. Brian Kerley https://www.seedoilrebellion.com/ https://twitter.com/SeedOilDsrspctr Looking to fix your diet by getting rid of seed oils? Check out the Seedy app! https://www.seedyapp.com/ Tucker Goodrich Blog: http://yelling-stop.blogspot.com/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDpWmYeRapRkrZ9zw8M7iFg Podcast: https://sites.libsyn.com/408758 Twitter: https://twitter.com/TuckerGoodrich _______________________________________ Show Notes Nina Teicholz' organization is The Nutrition Coalition. https://www.nutritioncoalition.us/ Q: "What are you working on right now? What the most recent and interesting thing that you have published?" RCT of low-linoleic therapeutic foods: Stephenson, K., Callaghan-Gillespie, M., Maleta, K., Nkhoma, M., George, M., Park, H. G., Lee, R., Humpheries-Cuff, I., Lacombe, R. J. S., Wegner, D. R., Canfield, R. L., Brenna, J. T., & Manary, M. J. (2021). Low linoleic acid foods with added DHA given to Malawian children with severe acute malnutrition improve cognition: A randomized, triple blinded, controlled clinical trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab363 Hsieh, J.-C., Liu, L., Zeilani, M., Ickes, S., Trehan, I., Maleta, K., Craig, C., Thakwalakwa, C., Singh, L., Brenna, J. T., & Manary, M. J. (2015). High-Oleic Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food Maintains Docosahexaenoic Acid Status in Severe Malnutrition. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 61(1), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000741 Codex Alimentarius: New Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods guidelines. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/news-and-events/news-details/en/c/1458680/ "WHO summary on the available evidence for the essential fatty acid profiles in ready-to-use therapeutic foods for treating children with severe wasting" https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FMeetings%252FCX-720-42%252FLinks%252FWHO_summary_on_EFA_in_RUTF.pdf Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease: "Saturated Fats and Health: A Reassessment and Proposal for Food-based Recommendations: JACC State-of -the-Art Review": * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109720356874 "Though no human randomized controlled trials on minimal omega-3 requirements in pregnancy and lactation have been conducted, the weight of animal evidence compellingly shows that randomizing pregnant or lactating humans to diets that include high linoleate oils as the sole source of fat would be frankly unethical because they would result in suboptimal child development." Brenna, J. T. (2011). Animal studies of the functional consequences of suboptimal polyunsaturated fatty acid status during pregnancy, lactation and early post-natal life. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 7 Suppl 2, 59–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00301.x "Put another way, only 2 ways are known to increase circulating DHA status in humans: 1) consume (preformed) DHA, or 2) lower dietary LA." Kothapalli, K. S. D., Park, H. G., & Brenna, J. T. (2020). Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and genetics. Implications for interindividual variability in prothrombotic, inflammatory conditions such as COVID-19. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 162, 102183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102183 "We generated a paper showing that that is the case, back in 2007 or 2009. I think it's this, since the last sentence is "Present evidence indicates that n-3 LCPUFA status can be improved by increasing their intake or by decreasing LA intake, and a combination of the two is likely to be most effective.": Brenna, J. T., Salem, N., Sinclair, A. J., & Cunnane, S. C. (2009). α-Linolenic acid supplementation and conversion to n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in humans. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 80(2), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2009.01.004 "That's why the story of just having a ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 is just not a way to think about this as a general concept. If you increase [non-DHA] omega-3 you don't get more DHA, but if you decrease omega-6 linoleic, you do get more. "Would you like an update on that? We found a third way…" Klatt, K. C., McDougall, M. Q., Malysheva, O. V., Taesuwan, S., Loinard-González, A. (Alex) P., Nevins, J. E. H., Beckman, K., Bhawal, R., Anderson, E., Zhang, S., Bender, E., Jackson, K. H., King, D. J., Dyer, R. A., Devapatla, S., Vidavalur, R., Brenna, J. T., & Caudill, M. A. (2022). Prenatal choline supplementation improves biomarkers of maternal docosahexaenoic acid status among pregnant participants consuming supplemental DHA: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac147 "we had done studies in the 1990s, and followed up after the turn of the millennium, that showed that just with oils you get a better targeting of DHA and another n-3 that's important, arachidonic acid [AA, I think he is mis-speaking here, as AA is n-6, not n-3] to the brain if they come in as a phospholipid and not a tryglyceride. Cunnane, S. C. (2002). Arachidonate metabolism in neonates. Pediatric Research, 51(3), 263–264. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-200203000-00001 Wijendran, V., Huang, M.-C., Diau, G.-Y., Boehm, G., Nathanielsz, P. W., & Brenna, J. T. (2002). Efficacy of dietary arachidonic acid provided as triglyceride or phospholipid as substrates for brain arachidonic acid accretion in baboon neonates. Pediatric Research, 51(3), 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-200203000-00002 Zhang, Q., Wu, W. X., Nathanielsz, P. W., & Brenna, J. T. (1995). Distribution of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic and related fatty acids in ovine endometrial phospholipids in late gestation and labor. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids, 53(3), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/0952-3278(95)90117-5 "This one is a much more technological. I will explain it, and I will also say that I have a bit of a business interest… in the company that's doing this…." "DHA and all PUFAs are well known to be susceptible to oxidation…" Liu, Y., Bell, B. A., Song, Y., Zhang, K., Anderson, B., Axelsen, P. H., Bohannan, W., Agbaga, M.-P., Park, H. G., James, G., Brenna, J. T., Schmidt, K., Dunaief, J. L., & Shchepinov, M. S. (2022). Deuterated docosahexaenoic acid protects against oxidative stress and geographic atrophy-like retinal degeneration in a mouse model with iron overload. Aging Cell, 21(4), e13579. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13579 Q: "Why is consuming more linoleic acid reducing DHA in the body?" A: Mohrhauer, H., & Holman, R. T. (1963). The effect of dose level of essential fatty acids upon fatty acid composition of the rat liver *. Journal of Lipid Research, 4(2), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2275(20)40341-4 Paper that introduced omega nomenclature for fats: Holman, R. T. (1964). Nutritional And Metabolic Interrelationships Between Fatty Acids. Federation Proceedings, 23, 1062–1067. Zhang, J. Y., Kothapalli, K. S. D., & Brenna, J. T. (2016). Desaturase and elongase limiting endogenous long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 19(2), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000254 Q: "Interesting. But you would think based on that… Let's touch on your experience with the dietary guidelines a little bit, you would think that that would be reflected in some of the recommendations on how we eat." A: Astrup, A., Teicholz, N., Magkos, F., Bier, D. M., Brenna, J. T., King, J. C., Mente, A., Ordovas, J. M., Volek, J. S., Yusuf, S., & Krauss, R. M. (2021). Dietary Saturated Fats and Health: Are the U.S. Guidelines Evidence-Based? Nutrients, 13(10), 3305. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103305 McGovern Report 1977: Needs, U. S. C. S. S. C. on N. and H., & Mottern, N. (1977). Dietary Goals for the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Dietary_Goals_for_the_United_States/kNH4BNDQETQC?hl=en Sandy, D. B. (1989). The Production and Use of Vegetable Oils in Ptolemaic Egypt. Scholars Press. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Production_and_Use_of_Vegetable_Oils/mg1tQgAACAAJ?hl=en NEED TO SEND TO BRENNA Menayang, A. (2017, April 30). Mars pledges to use 100% high-oleic peanuts in M&Ms, Munch Bar, by end of 2017. Foodnavigator-Usa.Com. https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Article/2017/05/01/Mars-and-peanut-industry-to-use-only-high-oleic-peanuts-in-products O'Keefe, S. F., Wiley, V. A., & Knauft, D. A. (1993). Comparison of oxidative stability of high- and normal-oleic peanut oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 70(5), 489–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02542581 Q: "What's a plausible dream study you would like to perform?" Gornoski, D. (2021, October 3). Professor Ameer Taha on Lipid Oxidation, Linoleic Acid, OXLAMS (No. 2021-10–03) [Mp3]. https://aneighborschoice.com/professor-ameer-taha-on-lipid-oxidation-linoleic-acid-oxlams/ Ramsden's headache studies: Mann, J. D., Faurot, K. R., MacIntosh, B., Palsson, O. S., Suchindran, C. M., Gaylord, S. A., Lynch, C., Johnston, A., Maiden, K., Barrow, D. A., Hibbeln, J. R., & Ramsden, C. E. (2018). A sixteen-week three-armed, randomized, controlled trial investigating clinical and biochemical effects of targeted alterations in dietary linoleic acid and n-3 EPA+DHA in adults with episodic migraine: Study protocol. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 128, 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2017.11.002 Ramsden, C. E., Domenichiello, A. F., Yuan, Z.-X., Sapio, M. R., Keyes, G. S., Mishra, S. K., Gross, J. R., Majchrzak-Hong, S., Zamora, D., Horowitz, M. S., Davis, J. M., Sorokin, A. V., Dey, A., LaPaglia, D. M., Wheeler, J. J., Vasko, M. R., Mehta, N. N., Mannes, A. J., & Iadarola, M. J. (2017). A systems approach for discovering linoleic acid derivatives that potentially mediate pain and itch. Science Signaling, 10(493). https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aal5241 Ramsden, C. E., Faurot, K. R., Zamora, D., Suchindran, C. M., MacIntosh, B. A., Gaylord, S., Ringel, A., Hibbeln, J. R., Feldstein, A. E., Mori, T. A., Barden, A., Lynch, C., Coble, R., Mas, E., Palsson, O., Barrow, D. A., & Mann, D. J. (2013). Targeted alteration of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for the treatment of chronic headaches: A randomized trial. Pain, 154(11), 2441–2451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.028 Ramsden, C. E., Ringel, A., Feldstein, A. E., Taha, A. Y., MacIntosh, B. A., Hibbeln, J. R., Majchrzak-Hong, S. F., Faurot, K. R., Rapoport, S. I., Cheon, Y., Chung, Y.-M., Berk, M., & Douglas Mann, J. (2012). Lowering dietary linoleic acid reduces bioactive oxidized linoleic acid metabolites in humans. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 87(4), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2012.08.004 Ramsden, C. E., Zamora, D., Faurot, K. R., MacIntosh, B., Horowitz, M., Keyes, G. S., Yuan, Z.-X., Miller, V., Lynch, C., Honvoh, G., Park, J., Levy, R., Domenichiello, A. F., Johnston, A., Majchrzak-Hong, S., Hibbeln, J. R., Barrow, D. A., Loewke, J., Davis, J. M., … Mann, J. D. (2021). Dietary alteration of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for headache reduction in adults with migraine: Randomized controlled trial. BMJ, 374, n1448. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1448 Q: COVID-19 paper: Kothapalli, K. S. D., Park, H. G., & Brenna, J. T. (2020). Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and genetics. Implications for interindividual variability in prothrombotic, inflammatory conditions such as COVID-19. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 162, 102183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102183 Goodrich, T. (2020, June 2). Does Consumption of Omega-6 Seed Oils Worsen ARDS and COVID-19? [Blog]. Yelling Stop. http://yelling-stop.blogspot.com/2020/06/does-consumption-of-omega-6-seed-oils.html Dyerberg, J., & Jørgensen, K. A. (1982). Marine oils and thrombogenesis. Progress in Lipid Research, 21(4), 255–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-7827(82)90011-X McReynolds, C. B., Cortes-Puch, I., Ravindran, R., Khan, I. H., Hammock, B. G., Shih, P. B., Hammock, B. D., & Yang, J. (2021). Plasma Linoleate Diols Are Potential Biomarkers for Severe COVID-19 Infections. Frontiers in Physiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.663869 Quote from Ralph Holman: "It seems reasonable to suggest that 18:3w3 intake be increased during pregnancy, lactation, and infancy, when the requirements for w3 PUFA are highest, during the development of the nervous system, which is rich in lipids containing high proportions of c3 PUFA. The mental apparatus of the coming generation is developed in utero, and the time to begin supplementation is before conception. A normal brain cannot be made without an adequate supply of w3 PUFA, and there may be no later opportunity to repair the effects of an w3 fatty acid deficiency once the nervous system is formed." Holman, R. T., Johnson, S. B., & Ogburn, P. L. (1991). Deficiency of essential fatty acids and membrane fluidity during pregnancy and lactation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88(11), 4835–4839. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.11.4835 Q: Seafood Nutrition Partnership: https://www.seafoodnutrition.org/ Tom's bio there: https://www.seafoodnutrition.org/profile/tom-brenna/ Hibbeln, J. R., Spiller, P., Brenna, J. T., Golding, J., Holub, B. J., Harris, W. S., Kris-Etherton, P., Lands, B., Connor, S. L., Myers, G., Strain, J. J., Crawford, M. A., & Carlson, S. E. (2019). Relationships between seafood consumption during pregnancy and childhood and neurocognitive development: Two systematic reviews. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 151, 14–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2019.10.002 Seychelles study (not Mauritius): Davidson, P. W., Leste, A., Benstrong, E., Burns, C. M., Valentin, J., Sloane-Reeves, J., Huang, L.-S., Miller, W. A., Gunzler, D., van Wijngaarden, E., Watson, G. E., Zareba, G., Shamlaye, C. F., & Myers, G. J. (2010). Fish consumption, mercury exposure, and their associations with scholastic achievement in the Seychelles Child Development Study. NeuroToxicology, 31(5), 439–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2010.05.010 Q: "Talk to us a little bit about farmed vs. wild-caught fish. That's a big thing in the ancestral health community.": Nichols, P. D., Glencross, B., Petrie, J. R., & Singh, S. P. (2014). Readily Available Sources of Long-Chain Omega-3 Oils: Is Farmed Australian Seafood a Better Source of the Good Oil than Wild-Caught Seafood? Nutrients, 6(3), 1063–1079. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031063 P.S. Discussion of Mark's Puder's research: Anez-Bustillos, L., Dao, D. T., Fell, G. L., Baker, M. A., Gura, K. M., Bistrian, B. R., & Puder, M. (2018). Redefining essential fatty acids in the era of novel intravenous lipid emulsions. Clinical Nutrition, 37(3), 784–789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.07.004 Carlson, S. J., O'Loughlin, A. A., Anez-Bustillos, L., Baker, M. A., Andrews, N. A., Gunner, G., Dao, D. T., Pan, A., Nandivada, P., Chang, M., Cowan, E., Mitchell, P. D., Gura, K. M., Fagiolini, M., & Puder, M. (2019). A Diet With Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids as the Sole Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Sufficient to Support Visual, Cognitive, Motor, and Social Development in Mice. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 72. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00072 "Mouse-o-pause", mouse menopause: Nehra, D., Le, H. D., Fallon, E. M., Carlson, S. J., Woods, D., White, Y. A., Pan, A. H., Guo, L., Rodig, S. J., Tilly, J. L., Rueda, B. R., & Puder, M. (2012). Prolonging the female reproductive lifespan and improving egg quality with dietary omega-3 fatty acids. Aging Cell, 11(6), 1046–1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12006 Cunnane, S. C. (2003). Problems with essential fatty acids: Time for a new paradigm? Progress in Lipid Research, 42(6), 544–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7827(03)00038-9 Quotable: "The general idea that we call Evidence-Based Medicine, which, I'm afraid eliminates 95% of all the evidence that informs nutrition, and focuses 100% on human studies. Human studies are the worst studies. They are by far the worst. I don't think it's possible that a serious argument can be made otherwise." "The food industry is not a bunch of evil guys who are just out to take everybody's money… So I'm not here to beat up food companies." "Coconut's a seed, but it's a weird seed." "Some species [of fish] will eat grain, and if they eat grain, then their fatty-acid profile will look like the grain you feed them." "Salmon have the good sense to die if you don't feed them DHA." "Farmed fish actually had a higher amount of DHA than the wild caught." Brenna's Industrial Food Principle: "When we produce animal foods, their nutrient profile should match that of the wild-caught." "It sounds like you're saying you're better off eating a farm-raised salmon than an industrially-raised chicken?" "Yeah, I'm probably going to get in trouble for saying that, but I think that's probably right." "Otherwise, you've got the cheapest food in the world and the most expensive medicines in the world. Family physicians don't like stuff like that; pediatricians don't like stuff like that. We want to feed people well, and worry about medicine in well-fed people, rather than having to correct nutrient deficiencies by giving them drugs." "Low linoleic acid maintains fertility." "You'll often read in the medical literature that linoleic and alpha-linolenic are essential, and DHA and arachidonic are conditionally essential, and it sounds like they got it backwards." "They do. And it's a meme has never died, from the 1950s."

Brian and I have an engaging chat with famed Paleo Diet advocate Robb Wolf on his recent book 'Sacred Cow', how his own health issues have kept him engaged in continuing to explore the relationship between diet and health, how he's going beyond Paleo with his new enterprise LMNT, and more. I hope you all enjoy! Video for this episode: https://youtu.be/rrQ8q_ctGUQ Robb Wolf https://robbwolf.com/ "Sacred Cow" https://amzn.to/39bzKAe Diana Rodgers, RD (co-author of "Sacred Cow") https://sustainabledish.com/ https://twitter.com/SustainableDish "The Paleo Solution" https://amzn.to/3x4TKwn T. Colin Campbell's "The China Study" https://amzn.to/39azaml Zero Acre Farms https://www.zeroacre.com/ *Fermentation, not "fertilization"! Carbon cycle https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/carbon-cycle EAT-Lancet Commission Summary Report https://eatforum.org/eat-lancet-commission/eat-lancet-commission-summary-report/ Omega Initiative TK Mat Lalonde https://fatburningman.com/mat-lalonde-why-nutrient-density-matters-paleo-fails-what-to-eat-for-dinner/ Amber O'Hearn https://www.mostly-fat.com/ Ketogains https://www.ketogains.com/ LMNT https://drinklmnt.com/ Products: https://amzn.to/3Q211pk Tim Noakes' "Waterlogged: The Serious Problem of Overhydration in Endurance Sports" https://amzn.to/38MxY8L Stan Efferding https://stanefferding.com/ LMNT make your own sodium supplement: "11 Homemad Electrolyte Drink Recipes" -> Includes the Norcal Margarita I mentioned! https://drinklmnt.com/blogs/health/the-best-homemade-electrolyte-drink-for-dehydration Roam Free Bison Ranch https://goroamfree.com/ "Restoring the land with the Savory Institute" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVxLQtSqvbQ _____________________________________________________ Co-host Dr. Brian Kerley https://www.seedoilrebellion.com/ https://twitter.com/SeedOilDsrspctr Looking to fix your diet by getting rid of seed oils? Check out the Seedy app! https://www.seedyapp.com/ Tucker Goodrich Blog: http://yelling-stop.blogspot.com/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDpWmYeRapRkrZ9zw8M7iFg Podcast: https://sites.libsyn.com/408758 Twitter: https://twitter.com/TuckerGoodrich