Two by Two

“If you had to pick out of all these patterns and themes that we spoke about, which one are you the most sure about for the next season?Two by Two is taking a short break before Season 3 starts in November, and for the season finale, the table gets flipped. Snigdha Sharma, who hosts Daybreak, The Ken’s daily news podcast, went back through both seasons of the show, pulled out the themes it keeps returning to, and put Praveen Gopal Krishnan in the guest's chair.He discusses some of the themes India will see play out in the next couple of years, like how duopolies across quick-commerce, ride-sharing and food delivery will face pressures and continue to innovate to hold out. Or how legacy companies like HUL and Bajaj Finance tell us about our understanding of assets, and how that’ll play out. And of course, what exactly is the new urban Indian, and how will they continue to shape culture, cities and much more.Two by Two will be on a short break, and will be back with Season 3 in November.All of it leads back to a concept Praveen first wrote about six years ago in The Nutgraf: India’s California users, a group of roughly 10 million people whose habits shape the country's consumer tech, its startups and its culture.

Ather took eleven years to sell its first half-million scooters, watched Ola raise more money and build bigger factories, and cut its own valuation by 44% to get its IPO away. Since then, it’s been on a tear, building factories, scaling, and now it’s at the point where it’s ready for the biggest challenge yet: this week it’s launching a new platform aimed at the ₹1 lakh scooter mass market. There’s a reason why nobody has gotten this far. TVS leads the market. Bajaj is second and already makes money on electric. Both entered EVs once Ather had proved the demand, and between them they now hold about half the market, funded by profitable petrol businesses. So Praveen asks his two returning guests the question: what happens when Ather takes the fight to TVS and Bajaj’s home ground? Kunal Khattar, founder of Advantage, an early-seed fund that has spent a decade betting India's EV transition will be won by startups and Narayan Sundaraman, independent strategy and brand advisor, most recently head of marketing at Bajaj Auto, are surprisingly optimistic about Ather’s chances — but with caveats. Together, they discuss how Ather got here, how it found the resilience to stay where it is right now, and what lies ahead for India’s most promising EV company. References: https://the-ken.com/podcasts/two-by-two/ather-energy-was-a-pioneer-can-it-also-be-a-leader/

For six years every UPI payment in India was free. This was because a rule from January 2020 said nobody could charge a merchant for accepting one. Then on the afternoon of 6 August, the Lok Sabha removed that guarantee by voice vote. The details of the rules haven't been framed yet, so nobody knows what a UPI transaction will actually cost, but what's clear is that the arrangement India's payments ran on for six years has ended and a new one is being written. The pool of the money involved is large enough to redraw who wins in Indian fintech.In this episode, Praveen is joined by Pranav Gundlapalle, Director and Senior Research Analyst at Bernstein who has been closely tracking India’s payments landscape for years, and with Bhavik Kaul, former Chief Product Officer of Supermoney, Flipkart's fintech arm and the fifth-largest UPI app, who before that spent several years across Indian fintech including running LazyPay and PaySense at PayU Finance. Pranav brings the perspective of the ecosystem from outside it; and Bhavik presents the product view of someone who has built inside it, in a world where MDR always existed.All of them work through a series of assumptions to derive the new UPI equation — who was paying for it earlier, and who will be paying for it in the future? How much? And what are the second and third order effects of this UPI rearrangement?

What happened to the company that once understood India better than anyone else? For decades Hindustan Unilever has dominated kitchen pantries and bathroom cabinets across the country: Surf Excel in the laundry, Brooke Bond in the kitchen, Clinic Plus in the bathroom. It was the undisputed gold standard of brand building in this country. Well, until it wasn’t. Case in point: a couple of weeks ago, a journalist shared a chart from an HSBC report on social media.The chart listed some of HUL's biggest brands — Ponds, Lux, Rin, Lifebuoy, Kissan, Surf, Glow & Lovely, Vim, Bru — and showed where each of them stood ten years ago versus today.Turns out, most of them have barely grown, if at all. Something has shifted at the company that was once India's consumption barometer. The brands that generate genuine excitement today aren't HUL brands. More often than not, they are scrappy D2C upstarts that, on paper, shouldn't stand a chance against a behemoth like HUL.In the latest episode of Two By Two, we try to answer one simple question: Are HUL's best days behind it?Two By Two hosts Praveen Gopal Krishnan and Rahel Philipose are joined by Seetharaman G, Deputy Editor at The Ken and Sandeep Nair, co-founder of marketing consultancy firm, David and Who. Both of them see this story play out in opposite ways. And that's where it gets interesting. Tune in. Read more:- Is HUL still the envy of the FMCG world?______This episode was mixed and mastered by Rajiv CN, our resident sound engineer.If you liked this episode, share it with your friends, family and colleagues. And if you have thoughts on the discussion, write to us at [email protected].